Dual pathways for regulation of root branching by nitrate

Zhang, Hanma; Jennings, Andrea; Barlow, Peter W.; Forde, Brian G.

doi:10.1073/pnas.96.11.6529

Cited by 606 publications

(623 citation statements)

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“…Nitrate is one of the major nutrients known to act as a signal molecule in the regulation of root architecture through the regulation of primary root growth and by influencing the emergence and development of lateral roots (LR) Forde 1998, 2000;Zhang et al 1999;Tian et al 2008;Vidal et al 2010;Celis-Arámburo et al 2011). This effect is complicated due to the changes in root architecture caused by changes in root environment and their influence on plant physiology.…”

Section: Primary Nitrate Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate transporters: an overview in legumes

Pellizzaro

Alibert

Planchet

et al. 2017

Planta

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Main conclusion The nitrate transporters, belonging to NPF and NRT2 families, play critical roles in nitrate signaling, root growth and nodule development in legumes.Nitrate plays an essential role during plant development as nutrient and also as signal molecule, in both cases working via the activity of nitrate transporters. To date, few studies on NRT2 or NPF nitrate transporters in legumes have been reported, and most of those concern Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula. A molecular characterization led to the identification of 4 putative LjNRT2 and 37 putative LjNPF gene sequences in L. japonicus. In M. truncatula, the NRT2 family is composed of 3 putative members. Using the new genome annotation of M. truncatula (Mt4.0), we identified, for this review, 97 putative MtNPF sequences, including 32 new sequences relative to previous studies. Functional characterization has been published for only two MtNPF genes, encoding nitrate transporters of M. truncatula. Both transporters have a role in root system development via abscisic acid signaling: MtNPF6.8 acts as a nitrate sensor during the cell elongation of the primary root, while MtNPF1.7 contributes to the cellular organization of the root tip and nodule formation. An in silico expression study of MtNPF genes confirmed that NPF genes are expressed in nodules, as previously shown for L. japonicus, suggesting a role for the corresponding proteins in nitrate transport, or signal perception in nodules. This review summarizes our knowledge of legume nitrate transporters and discusses new roles for these proteins based on recent discoveries.

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Section: Primary Nitrate Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate transporters: an overview in legumes

Pellizzaro

Alibert

Planchet

et al. 2017

Planta

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“…Recent studies with Arabidopsis showed that a localized supply of NO 3 − stimulated lateral root elongation by 2-to 3-fold in the NO 3 − -rich zone and that even 0.1 mm NO 3 − (when the rest of the root received 0.01 mm) was sufficient to elicit the maximal response (Zhang et al, 1999). Unlike barley, but similar to maize (Sattelmacher and Thoms, 1995), the localized NO 3 − supply had no significant effect on lateral root initiation.…”

Section: Root Growth and Branchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the lateral roots were allowed to progress up to or beyond the point of emergence before the plants received the 50 mM NO 3 − treatment, there was no effect on their growth (Zhang et al, 1999), demonstrating that there is a very specific stage of lateral root development which is sensitive to the high rate of NO 3 − supply. These stunted lateral roots were only temporarily blocked: if the experiment was extended for a further 7 days or so many of them had matured and were elongating at normal rates.…”

Section: Root Growth and Branchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent experiments with Arabidopsis have thrown light on one possible mechanism by which the internal N status of the plant may modulate root branching (Zhang and Forde, 1998;Zhang et al, 1999). Roots of Arabidopsis seedlings growing on agar plates were uniformly supplied with a range of KNO 3 concentrations (0.01 -50 mM) and the effects on root growth and branching analysed.…”

Section: Root Growth and Branchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The nutritional control of root development

Forde

Lorenzo

2002

Interactions in the Root Environment: An Integrated Approach

221

254

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Root development is remarkably sensitive to variations in the supply and distribution of inorganic nutrients in the soil. Here we review examples of the ways in which nutrients such as N, P, K and Fe can affect developmental processes such as root branching, root hair production, root diameter, root growth angle, nodulation and proteoid root formation. The nutrient supply can affect root development either directly, as a result of changes in the external concentration of the nutrient, or indirectly through changes in the internal nutrient status of the plant. The direct pathway results in developmental responses that are localized to the part of the root exposed to the nutrient supply; the indirect pathway produces systemic responses and seems to depend on long-distance signals arising in the shoot. We propose the term 'trophomorphogenesis' to describe the changes in plant morphology that arise from variations in the availability or distribution of nutrients in the environment. We discuss what is currently known about the mechanisms of external and internal nutrient sensing, the possible nature of the long-distance signals and the role of hormones in the trophomorphogenic response.Abbreviations: ABA, abscisic acid; NR, nitrate reductase; P i , inorganic phosphate

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“…The instantaneous root: shoot ratio in any individual plant is subjected to genetic, ontogenetic, and environmental control (Gedroc et al, 1996). The root systems of plants show highly plastic development because root systems develop by responding to the availability of phosphate and nitrate (Zhang et al, 1999). But, root systems originate from a primary root that develops during embryogenesis; that is, an intrinsic pathway (Malamy, 2005).…”

Section: Variation In Seed Size and Growth Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotypic differentiation in seed and seedling morphology and physiology among Cicuta virosa populations

Shin

Kim

2013

Aquatic Botany

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a b s t r a c tThere are three different Cicuta virosa habitats in Korea: Pyeongchang (PC), a fenced wet meadow with a water shortage in spring; Hoengseng (HS), a 12 year old abandoned paddy field and narrow streamlet holding shallow water throughout the year; Gunsan (GS), a 1 m deep reservoir with a floating mat composed of organic matter located 2 • south of HS and PC and at very low altitude. These three populations with different altitudes, climates, water regimes and nutrient availability showed differences in leaf morphology and flowering time. We compared seed and seedling morphology and tested the sensitivity of seedlings to dryness and shade and the germination responses to light and temperature to identify intraspecific variation as ecotypic differences in C. virosa populations (p ≤ 0.05). The seed length of GS (2.04 ± 0.03 mm) was significantly shorter than that of PC (2.44 ± 0.05 mm) and HS (2.60 ± 0.03 mm). Seed weight of GS (0.83 ± 0.01 mg) was significantly lighter than that of the others (PC: 1.47 ± 0.02 mg, HS: 1.33 ± 0.02 mg). PC and HS seedlings had larger root: shoot ratio values and GS had significantly higher relative growth rate (RGR) through 8 weeks of growth. GS seedlings were more sensitive to dryness than PC and HS in leaf chlorophyll contents, specific leaf area (SLA) and RGR. The pattern of germination responses was similar among the three populations but germination rate (%) was very different. Maximum germination percentages were 63.0%, 23.9% and 96.9% in PC, HS, and GS, respectively, under 28/18 • C/14 h photoperiod. The nonviable seed (%) of GS (18.1 ± 0.7%) was significantly higher than that of the others (PC: 3.1 ± 1.6%, HS: 3.4 ± 0.6%) in the tetrazolium tests result. Seed mass which was correlated to other plant traits (i.e., root:shoot ratio, RGR) and germination rate were the most discriminating variables in the discriminant analysis. Seed weight was negatively correlated with temperature in January and water level and germination rate was significantly related with water level and water temperature in August. Based on these results under uniform conditions, we suggest that these three C. virosa populations from different habitats are ecotypes.

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Dual pathways for regulation of root branching by nitrate

Cited by 606 publications

References 50 publications

Nitrate transporters: an overview in legumes

Nitrate transporters: an overview in legumes

The nutritional control of root development

Ecotypic differentiation in seed and seedling morphology and physiology among Cicuta virosa populations

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