Dual parallel modulation schemes for low-distortion analog optical transmission

Korotky, S.K.; Ridder, R.M. de

doi:10.1109/49.59140

Cited by 188 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…8. Dual-parallel linearization draws its motivation from the fact that the third-order distortions can be suppressed by superimposing signals in which the polarity of the third-order distortion is opposite [76]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: G Linearized Optical Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Fig. 39, the output of the LD is fed to the coupler C 1 having a power splitting ratio of η 1 , where the pair of outputs gleaned from the coupler C 1 are fed to the MZMs M a and M b , which are QP biased at V π /2 and −V π /2, respectively [76]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: G Linearized Optical Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 ensures that the phase-difference of the optical fields at the output of the pair of modulators is ϕ a − ϕ b = π/2. Then, the expression of Equation (35) becomes [76]:…”

Section: G Linearized Optical Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Improvement and Cost Reduction Techniques for Radio Over Fiber Communications

Thomas

El‐Hajjar

Hanzo

2015

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

139

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Abstract-Advanced cost reduction and performance improvement techniques conceived for Radio Over Fiber (ROF) communications are considered. ROF techniques are expected to form the backbone of the future 5G generation of wireless networks. The achievable link performance and the associated deployement cost constitute the most salient metrics of a ROF architecture. In this paper, we commence by providing a rudimentary overview of the ROF architecture and then elaborate on ROF techniques designed for improving the attainable system performance. We conclude by describing the ROF techniques conceived for reducing the ROF system installation costs.

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Section: G Linearized Optical Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: G Linearized Optical Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Improvement and Cost Reduction Techniques for Radio Over Fiber Communications

Thomas

El‐Hajjar

Hanzo

2015

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

139

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“…The dominant intermodulation term is at (3/ 2 -2/i), and it grows as the fifth power of the RF drive. Thus the noise bandwidth reduces the dynamic range by (BW) 4 / 5 (More complicated linearization schemes can result in even steeper slopes for intermodulation, as discussed in [1]). The excess dynamic range, X, of a linearized modulator over a ordinary modulator is X = C--log(BW) (12) where BW is a the bandwidth in Hertz, and C is a constant in dB equal to the difference between the dynamic range of a linearized modulator and a standard modulator with a 1-Hz noise bandwidth.…”

Section: The Effects Of Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic range values are calculated for two linearized broad-band, or superoctave, modulators: the dual parallel Mach-Zehnder (DPMZM) and the directional coupler with two passive sections (DCM2P) which are described in [4] and [5], respectively. The DPMZM has two identical, single Mach-Zehnder modulators in parallel optically and electrically but with unequal levels of optical and RF power driving the two modulators.…”

Section: Broad-band Linearized Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave-Coupled Millimeter-Wave Electro-Optic Techniques

Bridges¹,

Burrows²,

Cummings³

2001

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AGENCY USE ONLY (Leaveblank)2. REPORT DATE MARCH 2001 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVEREDFinal Report Feb 96 -Jun 00 TITLE AND SUBTITLE WAVE-COUPLED MILLIMETER-WAVE ELECTRO-OPTIC TECHNIQUES AUTHOR(S)William B. Bridges, Lee J. Burrows, and Uri V. Cummings FUNDING NUMBERSC -F30602-96-C-O020 PE-63726F PR-2863 TA-92 WU-81 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)California Institute of Technology Office of Sponsored Programs 1201 East California Blvd, MC 213-6 Pasadena CA 91125 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERN/A SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Air 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)This report details results on two antenna-coupled millimeter-wave electro-optic modulators, the slot-vee antenna-coupled modulator and a 94 GHz directional coupler modulator. The slot-vee-coupled modulator gave 0.17 m-squared per Watt sensitivity, but known defects in the chip imply much better performance is possible. The 94 GHz directional coupler improvements anticipated were not realized due to fabrication problems. A detailed theoretical study of the effects of velocity mismatch on linearized electr-optic modulators was made and the results published. A key result was that directional-coupler based modulators were found to be significantly more easily degraded than some Mach-Zehnder-based modulators. An experimental study of bias drift in electro-optic modulators was made and protons were determined to be the cause. Several inventions were made to reduce or eliminate proton-caused bias drift. Gain of Y-fed DCM below 6 = 1.5 n 42 SUBJECT TERMSComparison of vee and slot-vee antennas on a dielectric substrate 46Schematic drawing of slot-vee antenna elements overlaying one waveguide of a Mach-Zehnder modulator 48Schematic view of the slot-vee modulator 49Schematic drawing of the slot-vee modulator and its microwave feed system 50Antenna mask for 5 slot-vee modulators 51Assembly drawing of modulator support and feed structure 54Photograph of slot-vee modulator test setup with fiber-input coupling and lens output coupling 55 in List Of Tables Table 6.1 Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Diffusion Depths 78 IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis report documents the progress made in improving antenna-coupled modulators for mmwave, analyzing linearized modulators, and studying and countering bias drift in electro-optic modulators.We demonstrated for the first time a modulator at 24 GHz using the slot-vee antenna coupled arrangement suggested by F. T. Sheehy in a previous Rome Laboratory contract. The actual performance was measured as 0.17 m 2 /Watt, comparable to other antenna coupled modulators we have built. However, known defects in this particular chip suggest that future performance would be much better, comparable to commercial low microwave frequency modulators.Our attempts to correct the known defects in the 94 GHz directional coupler modulator first demonstrated in the previous contract were unsuccessful, due to difficulties in developing the skills needed to transfer the fabrication tec...

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System performance of low-bias parallel modulators

Chen

1999

Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.

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Dual parallel modulation schemes for low-distortion analog optical transmission

Cited by 188 publications

References 6 publications

Performance Improvement and Cost Reduction Techniques for Radio Over Fiber Communications

Performance Improvement and Cost Reduction Techniques for Radio Over Fiber Communications

Wave-Coupled Millimeter-Wave Electro-Optic Techniques

System performance of low-bias parallel modulators

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