Dual-parallel inhibition of IL-10 and TGF-β1 controls LPS-induced inflammatory response via NF-κB signaling in grass carp monocytes/macrophages

Cytokine effects and cellular signaling pathways of grass carp HSP70 in head kidney leukocytes

“…In grass carp, the negatively regulatory role of gcIkBa with a dynamic variation in NFkB activity has been demonstrated [33,43] as seen in mammals [44,45]. Accordingly, the total protein levels of gcIkBa were detected by WB in grass carp HKLs treated with rgcHSP70.…”

Dietary choline regulates antibacterial activity, inflammatory response and barrier function in the gills of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…For instance, inhibition of TOR increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12 and decreased production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 [21]. In addition, block the activation of NF-kB could decrease the expression levels of IL-1b and TNF-a in grass carp monocytes/macrophages [22]. One of previous study in mice has demonstrated that choline administration down-regulated NF-kB activity and suppressed TNF-a level [23].…”

Activation of Macrophages <i>in vitro</i> by Phospholipids from Brain of <i>Katsuwonus pelamis</i> (Skipjack Tuna)

“…IL-1 as an early response cytokine secreted by the activated macrophages is a central mediator of lymphocyte activation that augments thymocyte proliferation. NO generated by inducible nitric oxides synthase endows macrophages with cytostatic or cytotoxic activity against bacteria, viruses and tumor cells 25 . The cytokines IL-6 is produced by cells of adaptive and innate arms of the immune system and appears to play a key role in genetically diverse autoimmune diseases and respond to pathogens 26 .…”