Dual-order Raman pump

Bouteiller, J.-C.; Brar, K.; Bromage, J.; Radic, S.; Headley, C.

doi:10.1109/lpt.2002.806103

Cited by 48 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…2(c), the noise level was reduced with higher forward pump power, because the use of forward pump could reduce the SPV, and the noise figure corresponded to the SPV in linear units [6]. With no FBG, backward dual-order pumping scheme R5 (1366 nm and 1455 nm) could be used to give the same SPV as R1 and R4 only if using similar second-order pump power and very low first-order pump power (only ~9.3 mW) [1,13]. This did however require two pump wavelengths and careful control of first-order pump power (otherwise the SPV similar to backward pumped random DFB laser scheme could not be achieved), which made the simplicity of R4 attractive [1].…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Characterizations Of Different Raman mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission performance improvement using random DFB laser based Raman amplification and bidirectional second-order pumping

Tan¹,

Rosa²,

Le³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We demonstrate that a distributed Raman amplification scheme based on random distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser enables bidirectional second-order Raman pumping without increasing relative intensity noise (RIN) of the signal. This extends the reach of 10×116 Gb/s DP-QPSK WDM transmission up to 7915 km, compared with conventional Raman amplification schemes. Moreover, this scheme gives the longest maximum transmission distance among all the Raman amplification schemes presented in this paper, whilst maintaining relatively uniform and symmetric signal power distribution, and is also adjustable in order to be highly compatible with different nonlinearity compensation techniques, including mid-link optical phase conjugation (OPC) and nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT). 2015 Optical Society of America

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Section: Experimental Setup and Characterizations Of Different Raman mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission performance improvement using random DFB laser based Raman amplification and bidirectional second-order pumping

Tan¹,

Rosa²,

Le³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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“…The pump powers at 1366 nm and 1455 nm into the fibre span (after WDM) were optimized to be 1016 mW and 10 mW respectively. This technique offers superior noise figure to standard first order only pumping due to higher 2 nd order and lower first order pump power which produces amplification further from the end of fibre [13,14].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission comparison of ultra-long Raman fibre laser based amplification with first and dual order Raman amplification using 10×118 Gbit/s DP-QPSK

Tan

Rosa

Phillips

et al. 2014

2014 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)

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Experimental investigations of 10×118 Gbit/s DP-QPSK WDM transmission using three types of distributed Raman amplification techniques are presented. Novel ultra-long Raman fibre laser based amplification with second order counter-propagated pumping is compared with conventional first order and dual order counterpumped Raman amplification. We demonstrate that URFL based amplification can extend the transmission reach up to a distance of 7520 km in comparison with 5010 km and 6180 km using first order and dual order Raman amplification respectively. Keywords: coherent fibre optic communications, Raman amplification, Raman fibre laser. INTRODUCTIONIn fibre optic communications, dual-polarisation quadrature-phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK) modulation with coherent detection is widely deployed due to its good balance between robustness against optical signal to noise ratio degradation (OSNR) and spectral efficiency [1,2]. In order to maximise the transmission distance, it is necessary to maintain an acceptable OSNR through the system. Distributed Raman amplification (DRA) reduces signal attenuation in the transmission span leading to a higher OSNR which can allow longer reach between the repeaters or longer total distance in unrepeatered systems [3]-[7]. Ultra-long Raman fibre laser (URFL) based amplification with fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) can further reduce the signal power variation during transmission and has proved advantageous in comparison with EDFA based systems [8]- [10].In this paper, we experimentally investigate the performances of 10×118 Gbit/s DP-QPSK WDM transmissions with coherent detection in an 83.5 km SMF-28 recirculating loop using three types of DRA. These are first order counter-pumped, dual order (both first and second order) counter-pumped, and novel URFL based amplification with 2 nd order counter pumping. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental transmission comparison between first order or dual order Raman amplification and URFL based amplification. In particular, we show an improved reach of 7520 km using URFL based amplification, compared with 5010 km and 6180 km using first order and dual order Raman amplification, respectively.

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“…Such a configuration maximizes the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) [1] at fixed nonlinear phase shift [12,31]. An example of technological implementation of Raman amplification that can achieve nearly continuous loss compensation is cascaded Raman pumping [4]. Maximizing the OSNR simultaneously maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio [36] at the receiver since the two quantities are related by SNR ϭ (2 B ref /R S ) OSNR (for a singly polarized signal) where R S is the symbol rate and B ref is the reference bandwidth entering the definition of OSNR (12.5 GHz at 1,550 nm.)…”

Section: Propagation Over Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The attenuation of the Raman pump that provides gain to the signal can reduce gain uniformity along the fiber length. A cascade of Raman pumps, each separated by about 90 nm, can be used to provide gain in cascade between pumps to maximize the uniformity of the signal gain [4]. This results in a near-constant signal power evolution.…”

Section: Panel 2 Core Optical Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity limits of information transmission in optically-routed fiber networks

Essiambre¹,

Foschini²,

Kramer³

et al. 2010

Bell Labs Tech. J.

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Optical networks are the backbone of our information society, and the single-mode optical fiber is its transmission medium. The [20], Gordon demonstrated that ASE can be represented by a classical field that has the statistical properties of additive Gaussian noise. The establishment of this equivalence enabled using Shannon's formulation of channel capacity for lightwave channels impaired by ASE. Note that another source of noise besides ASE in fiber is double Rayleigh backscattering (DRB) [6]. Because Rayleigh backscattering is a directional process, one can easily show that by distributing a sufficiently large number of optical isolators in a line, DRB can be reduced to arbitrarily low values. Therefore, DRB does not appear to be as fundamental as ASE as a source of noise and is not discussed further here.In single-mode optical fibers, the light is highly confined to the fiber core producing optical intensities

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Dual-order Raman pump

Cited by 48 publications

References 4 publications

Transmission performance improvement using random DFB laser based Raman amplification and bidirectional second-order pumping

Transmission performance improvement using random DFB laser based Raman amplification and bidirectional second-order pumping

Transmission comparison of ultra-long Raman fibre laser based amplification with first and dual order Raman amplification using 10×118 Gbit/s DP-QPSK

Capacity limits of information transmission in optically-routed fiber networks

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Dual-order Raman pump

Cited by 48 publications

References 4 publications

Transmission performance improvement using random DFB laser based Raman amplification and bidirectional second-order pumping

Transmission performance improvement using random DFB laser based Raman amplification and bidirectional second-order pumping

Transmission comparison of ultra-long Raman fibre laser based amplification with first and dual order Raman amplification using 10&#x00D7;118 Gbit/s DP-QPSK

Capacity limits of information transmission in optically-routed fiber networks

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Transmission comparison of ultra-long Raman fibre laser based amplification with first and dual order Raman amplification using 10×118 Gbit/s DP-QPSK