Dual-mode mechanical resonance of individual ZnO nanobelts

Bai, Xuedong; Gao, Pu‐Xian; Wang, Z. L.; Wang, E. G.

doi:10.1063/1.1587878

Cited by 494 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…For instance, Chen et al [16] showed that the Young' modulus of ZnO nanowire with diameters smaller than about 120 nm is significantly higher than that of bulk ZnO. However, the elastic modulus of vertically aligned [0001] ZnO nanowires with an average diameter of 45 nm measured by atomic force microscopy was found to be far smaller than that of bulk ZnO [17]. The second issue is about the electromechanical coupling in ZnO nanowires.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Although many studies on ZnO nanowires have been conducted, there are some important issues remained to be addressed. First, the mechanical properties, especially the Young's modulus of ZnO nanowires are on debate in the literature [16,17,18,19,20]. For instance, Chen et al [16] showed that the Young' modulus of ZnO nanowire with diameters smaller than about 120 nm is significantly higher than that of bulk ZnO.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Piezoelectricity in ZnO nanowires: A first-principles study

Xiang¹,

Yang²,

Hou³

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

186

126

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Hexagonal [0001] nonpassivated ZnO nanowires are studied with density functional calculations. The band gap and Young's modulus in nanowires which are larger than those in bulk ZnO increase along with the decrease of the radius of nanowires. We find ZnO nanowires have larger effective piezoelectric constant than bulk ZnO due to their free boundary. In addition, the effective piezoelectric constant in small ZnO nanowires doesn't depend monotonously on the radius due to two competitive effects: elongation of the nanowires and increase of the ratio of surface atoms. Although many studies on ZnO nanowires have been conducted, there are some important issues remained to be addressed. First, the mechanical properties, especially the Young's modulus of ZnO nanowires are on debate in the literature [16,17,18,19,20]. For instance, Chen et al. [16] showed that the Young' modulus of ZnO nanowire with diameters smaller than about 120 nm is significantly higher than that of bulk ZnO. However, the elastic modulus of vertically aligned [0001] ZnO nanowires with an average diameter of 45 nm measured by atomic force microscopy was found to be far smaller than that of bulk ZnO[17]. The second issue is about the electromechanical coupling in ZnO nanowires. The effective piezoelectric coefficient of individual (0001) surface dominated ZnO nanobelts measured by piezoresponse force microscopy was found to be much larger than the value for bulk wurtzite ZnO [21]. In contrast, Fan et al. showed that the piezoelectric coefficient for ZnO nanopillar with the diameter about 300 nm is smaller than the bulk values [22]. They suggested that the reduced electromechanical response might be due to structural defects in the pillars [22]. Whether the electromechanical coupling is enhanced or depressed in defect-free ZnO nanowires is not clear. Thirdly, although it is well known that the quantum confinement effect will decrease the band gap of passivated nanowires, the question that how the dangling bond in bare ZnO nanowires affects the band gap remains open. The fundamental study on these issues is crucial for developing future applications of ZnO nanowires.In this letter, we have studied the electronic, mechanical, and piezoelectric properties of [0001] ZnO nanowires using first-principles methods for the first time. We find that the band gap increases along with the decrease of the radius of ZnO nanowires due to the radial confinement. The Young's modulus of nanowires is larger than bulk ZnO, in agreement with the experimental results of Chen et al. [16]. The effective piezoelectric constant in ZnO nanowires is larger than that of bulk ZnO due to the free boundary of nanowires. Moreover, the effective piezoelectric constant in small ZnO nanowires doesn't depend monotonously on the radius due to two competitive effects.Our calculations are performed using the SIESTA package[23], a standard Kohn-Sham density-functional program using norm-conserving pseudopotentials and numerical atomic orbitals as basis sets. The local density approximation (LD...

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confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectricity in ZnO nanowires: A first-principles study

Xiang¹,

Yang²,

Hou³

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

186

126

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“…9 The origin of the elastic modulus size dependence has been related to different effects such as the presence of defects 9,11 and the balance between surface and bulk properties as the surface-to-volume ratio varies. 10,12 The elastic properties of ZnO nanostructures and their size dependence have been previously investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 10,13,14 and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 15,16 The Young's modulus of ZnO nanowires was found to decrease dramatically with increasing diameter, reaching the ZnO bulk value for diameters larger than 120 nm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aspect Ratio Dependence of the Elastic Properties of ZnO Nanobelts

et al. 2007

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The Young's modulus of ZnO nanobelts was measured with an atomic force microscope by means of the modulated nanoindentation method. The elastic modulus was found to depend strongly on the width-to-thickness ratio of the nanobelt, decreasing from about 100 to 10 GPa, as the width-to-thickness ratio increases from 1.2 to 10.3. This surprising behavior is explained by a growth-direction-dependent aspect ratio and the presence of stacking faults in nanobelts growing along particular directions.

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“…Under ambient conditions, WZ is the most commonly and stable phase of the three. 4 Nowadays, WZ-structured ZnO nanowires are generally synthesized through the solid-vapor phase thermal sublimation technique 5,6 and widely used in the researches of their mechanical properties which are of critical relevance to the design and reliability of devices based on ZnO nanowires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the tensile behaviors of ultra-thin ZnO nanowires via molecular dynamics simulations

Wang

Lei

et al. 2016

AIP Advances

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By using molecular dynamics (MD) method, the tensile behavior of ultra-thin ZnO nanowires in <0001 > orientation with three different diameters have been investigated respectively. Through the numerical simulations, the tensile properties including Young’s modulus and yielding stress are obtained as functions of strain rates, temperatures and diameter sizes. The simulation results indicate that the nanowire Young’s modulus and yielding stress would decrease with the increasing of diameter size. In addition, a significant dependence of tensile properties on temperature was also observed with the Young’s modulus and yielding stress decreasing on average by 8% and 18% respectively, while the temperature rises from 0.1 K to 400 K. However, in our simulations the Young’s modulus and yielding stress have no obvious change with different strain rates. Lastly, the structure of ultra-thin ZnO nanowires could be transformed at the strain of ∼7%-11% while the nanowires eventually fracture at the strain of nearly 15%.

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Dual-mode mechanical resonance of individual ZnO nanobelts

Cited by 494 publications

References 19 publications

Piezoelectricity in ZnO nanowires: A first-principles study

Piezoelectricity in ZnO nanowires: A first-principles study

Aspect Ratio Dependence of the Elastic Properties of ZnO Nanobelts

Understanding the tensile behaviors of ultra-thin ZnO nanowires via molecular dynamics simulations

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