Dual-modality in vivo imaging using rare-earth nanocrystals with near-infrared to near-infrared (NIR-to-NIR) upconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance properties

Neodymium-doped nanoparticles for infrared fluorescence bioimaging: The role of the host

“…27 Although the number of infrared-emitting fluorescent nanoprobes working in the BWs is reduced compared to that of visible-emitting NPs, different IR-emitting QDs, C-NPs, and RENPs have been synthesized and studied for deep tissue in vivo imaging purposes. [28][29][30] Among all these IR-emitting systems, neodymium-doped NPs (Nd:NPs) arise as exceptional candidates for in vivo fluorescence imaging due to their unique combination of properties. First of all, Nd:NPs can be optically excited with 808 nm laser radiation, which is a nonheating, non-damaging wavelength that can be provided by a commercially available and cost-effective laser diode.…”

Intra/Inter‐Particle Energy Transfer of Luminescence Nanocrystals for Biomedical Applications

“…Recently, multimodal imaging and imaging combined therapies have become a new trend [40][41][42]. NaGdF 4 codoped Tm 3+ /Er 3+ /Yb 3+ upconversion nanophosphors were used to demonstrate the dual-modality of NIRto-NIR upconversion luminescence (UCL) together with MRI for in vivo imaging of the whole-body animal [43]. The Gd 3+ introduced in the synthesis of UCNPs enhanced the contract of MRI, whereas the NIR-to-NIR UCL enables imaging of the target inside the tissues due to both excitation and emission light can penetrate deep into/from tissues.…”

Biosensing Based on Luminescent Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Rare Earth Up-Conversion Nanoparticles

“…Surface polymerization involves growing a dense cross-linked shell on the nanoparticle core by condensation of small monomers. Importance for these methods is the surface coverage with molecules consisting of additional functional groups that allow further reactions with biological entities (Cao, 2010;Zhou, 2010;Kobayashi, 2009;Qian, 2008;Ehlert, 2008;Johnson, 2010). To some extent, the coating methods usually lead to highly stable colloidal particles in comparison with the ligand engineering method.…”