Dual-modal visual/photoelectrochemical all-in-one bioassay for rapid detection of AFP using 3D printed microreactor device

3D Printing Technologies in Biosensors Production: Recent Developments

“…This work showed new perspectives on the manufacture and characterization of 3D-printed materials for cell-3D scaffolds interaction studies [40]. Li et al [41] developed a 3D printing "all-in-one" dual-modal immunoassay for the colorimetric and photoelectrochemical detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which represents a biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The effort undertaken in the research of new POC diagnostic devices that can detect biomarkers such as AFP directly in human biological fluids (e.g., blood) is opening innovative opportunities in early diagnosis of cancer; 3D printing is playing a pivotal role in this process.…”

“…Gold nanoparticle-based bioconjugate was synthesized for a first colorimetric rapid screening; this qualitative analysis of AFP had the task of rapidly discriminating the negative from the suspicious samples. The latter were subsequently analyzed for an accurate quantification using a photochemical system composed of zinc indium sulfide (ZiIn 2 S 4 ), also called (ZIS), an eco-friendly semiconductor photocatalyst, which was used as a nanostructured photoactive element in a screen-printed electrode (ZIS/SPE) for the photoelectrochemical (PEC) quantification of AFP in suspicious samples, reaching an AFP limit of detection equal to 0.01 ng/mL [41].…”

In situ growth of WO3/BiVO4 nanoflowers onto cellulose fibers to construct photoelectrochemical/colorimetric lab-on-paper devices for the ultrasensitive detection of AFP

“…[3][4][5] Although the concentration of AFP is low in serum, its concentration variation in serum has been identified to be associated with several diseases such as yolk sac tumor, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and certain gastric carcinomas. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Therefore, it is well worth to exploit effective strategies with advantageous techniques for the ultrasensitive determination of AFP.…”

Dual-Modal Photoelectrochemical and Visualized Detection of Copper Ions

“…Besides, the results cannot be observed directly, making it inconvenient for on-site screening. Therefore, with acquisition of both intuitive visualized results and specific photoelectrochemical data, the dual-modal PEC and colorimetric analysis has garnered considerable attention. − …”