Dual mechanisms of cognitive control in mindful individuals

Aguerre, Nuria V.; Bajo, M. Teresa; Gómez‐Ariza, Carlos J.

doi:10.1007/s00426-020-01377-2

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…No relationships emerged between the Perseverance of effort facet of grit and the executive indexes. Although the relationship between the other personality variables and executive functioning is not the main focus of this work, they are reported here for transparency (see [ 51 ] for a discussion of the link between mindfulness and switching cost and BSI as calculated from RTs and accuracy).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A hundred thirty-four people ( M age = 22.92, SD age = 4.1, Range Age = 18–33, 72% female) participated in the study in exchange for course credits (1/40min) or monetary reward (7€/1h). This sample has been previously reported in two related studies: One aimed to examine the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive control modes [ 51 ], and another one focusing on the electrophysiological correlates of grit [ 52 ]. All studies are part of a larger research project on individual differences so that participants were administrated several different experimental tasks and questionnaires along with two assessment sessions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A switching cost index can be calculated by subtracting switch trials to no-switch trials on accuracy or the other way on RTs; the lower the SC the greater the flexibility of the participant [ 39 , 40 ]. We used a SC based on accuracy in the proactive possible block because this is the neutral block and previous findings have shown it to be the most sensitive [ 51 ]. However, results regarding all blocks of the task are available in Supplementary Material 2 in S1 File .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relative role of executive control and personality traits in grit

2022

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Although grit is predictive of wellbeing, educational achievement, and success in life, it has been conceptualized as largely distinct from cognitive ability. The present study investigated the link between grit and executive functions since regulation abilities might underlie the expression of grit. A hundred thirty-four people were administered personality questionnaires (grit, impulsiveness, and mindfulness) and four experimental tasks tapping into Miyake’s and Braver’s models of executive functioning (including measures of flexibility, inhibition, working memory, and control mode dimensions). Multivariate analyses showed that two composite scores (trait and executive functioning) were reliably predictive of grit, although it was the trait composite (characterized by low impulsivity and high mindfulness) that explained more variance. Importantly, gritty participants did not demonstrate enhanced executive functioning. Instead, they exhibited a different pattern of performance that might be reflecting a cautious profile of control, characterized by paying attention to all available information, less reliance on previous contextual cues but sensitive to conflicting information of the current context. These findings converge with Duckworth’s idea that high grit people do not necessarily have a greater cognitive capacity. Rather, they use it in a different way.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relative role of executive control and personality traits in grit

2022

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“…All participants included in the experiment informed in a written health questionnaire to be free from any health issue, neurological problem, drug consumption or cognitive dysfunction diagnosis. The sample was a part of a larger study that focused on individual differences and other non-overlapping findings resulting from that study have already been reported (Aguerre et al, 2020 ). Participants provided their written informed consent in order to participate in the study, following the Helsinki Declaration guidelines (World Medical Association, 2013 ), and approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University of Granada.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological Prints of Grit

et al. 2021

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While scientific interest in understanding the grit trait has grown exponentially in recent years, one important gap in the grit literature relates to its biological and neural substrate. In the present study, we adopted a hypotheses-driven approach in a large sample of young adults (N = 120) with diverse educational backgrounds and work experiences in order to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of grit both during rest and while performing a learning task. Additionally, we selected a measure of impulsiveness to better understand the neural similarities and differences between grit and related self-control constructs. Based on previous work that implicated the prefrontal cortex in grit, we hypothesized that high grit participants would have lower frontal theta/beta ratio (a broadly used index that reflects prefrontally-mediated top–down processes, which might indicate better control over subcortical information). Furthermore, we expected the perseverance of effort facet of grit to be linked to higher complexity during task engagement because previous research has shown complexity indexes (entropy and fractal dimension) to be linked to effort while performing cognitive tasks. Our results revealed that although there were no differences at rest as a function of grit, the participants with high grit and high consistency of interest scores exhibited lower frontal theta/beta ratios during the learning task. This pattern suggests that individual differences in grit might be more evident when top-down control processes are at work. Furthermore, there was a positive association between perseverance of effort and entropy at task, which might indicate more effort and engagement in the task. Finally, no association was found between the neural indexes (frontal theta/beta ratio, entropy, or fractal dimension) and impulsiveness, neither impulsiveness mediated between grit and brain measures. Finally, when controlling for impulsiveness and demographic variables (gender, age, education, and work experience) the effects at the facet level remained statistically significant. While there is still a long way to fully understand the neural mechanisms of grit, the present work constitutes a step toward unveiling the electrophysiological prints of grit.

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“…Therefore, more mindful individuals depict higher flexibility, as both essential processing modes are functioning. In addition, individuals exhibit greater flexible performance due to increased non-judgmental present moment focus [38]. The automaticity of habit is independent from attention [39].…”

Section: Scientific Understanding Of the Attention And Causative Process Of Mindfulnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrative Review on the Research Progress of Mindfulness and Its Implications at the Workplace

Panditharathne

Chen

2021

Sustainability

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Mindfulness has rapidly become a significant subject area in many disciplines. Most of the work on mindfulness has focused on the perspective of health and healthcare professionals, but relatively less research is focused on the organizational outcomes at the workplace. This review presents a theoretical and practical trajectory of mindfulness by sequential integration of recent fragmented scholarly work on mindfulness at the workplace. The review showcases that most contemporary practical challenges in organizations, such as anxiety, stress, depression, creativity, motivation, leadership, relationships, teamwork, burnout, engagement, performance, well-being, and physical and psychological health, could be addressed successfully with the budding concept of mindfulness. The causative processes due to higher mindfulness that generate positive cognitive, emotional, physiological, and behavioral outcomes include focused attention, present moment awareness, non-judgmental acceptance, self-regulatory functions, lower mind wandering, lower habit automaticity, and self-determination. Employee mindfulness could be developed through various mindfulness interventions in order to improve different organizational requirements, such as psychological capital, emotional intelligence, prosocial behavior, in-role and extra-role performance, financial and economic performance, green performance, and well-being. Accordingly, this review would be beneficial to inspire academia and practitioners on the transformative potential of mindfulness in organizations for higher performance, well-being, and sustainability. Future research opportunities and directions to be addressed are also discussed.

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Dual mechanisms of cognitive control in mindful individuals

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

The relative role of executive control and personality traits in grit

The relative role of executive control and personality traits in grit

Electrophysiological Prints of Grit

An Integrative Review on the Research Progress of Mindfulness and Its Implications at the Workplace

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