Dual-locus DNA metabarcoding reveals southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons Owen) have a summer diet dominated by toxic invasive plants

Camp, Amanda; Croxford, Adam E.; Ford, Caroline S.; Baumann, Ute; Clements, Peter R.; Hiendleder, Stefan; Woolford, Lucy; Netzel, Gabrielle; Boardman, Wayne; Fletcher, Mary T.; Wilkinson, Mike

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229390

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Five GSs (progoitrin, sinigrin, glucotropaeolin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin and 9-(methylsulfonyl) hydroxy nonyl glucosinolate) were detected in the current study. On the other hand, gluconapin, brassicanapin, erucin, glucoberteroin, glucoerucine and glucoraphanin which were reported in Spanish and Australian C. annua [ 38 , 39 ] were not detected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities and Molecular Docking Simulation of Carrichtera annua DC. (Cruciferae)

et al. 2020

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Our investigation intended to analyze the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of Carrichtera annua and to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of C. annua crude and phenolics extracts by MTT assay on a panel of cancerous and non-cancerous breast and liver cell lines. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents of C. annua were 47.3 ± 17.9 mg RE/g and 83.8 ± 5.3 mg respectively. C. annua extract exhibited remarkable antioxidant capacity (50.92 ± 5.64 mg GAE/g) in comparison with BHT (74.86 ± 3.92 mg GAE/g). Moreover, the extract exhibited promising reduction ability (1.17 mMol Fe+2/g) in comparison to the positive control (ascorbic acid with 2.75 ± 0.91) and it displayed some definite radical scavenging effect on DPPH (IC50 values of 211.9 ± 3.7 µg/mL). Chemical profiling of C. annua extract was achieved by LC-ESI-TOF-MS/MS analysis. Forty-nine hits mainly polyphenols were detected. Flavonoid fraction of C. annua was more active than the crude extract. It demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and HepG2 cells (IC50 = 13.04 and 19.3 µg/mL respectively), induced cell cycle arrest at pre-G1 and G2/M-phases and displayed apoptotic effect. Molecular docking studies supported our findings and revealed that kaempferol-3,7-O-bis-α-L-rhamnoside and kaempferol-3-rutinoside were the most active inhibitors of Bcl-2. Therefore, C. annua herb seems to be a promising candidate to further advance anticancer research. In extrapolation, the intake of C. annua phenolics might be adventitious for alleviating breast and liver malignancies and tumoral proliferation in humans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities and Molecular Docking Simulation of Carrichtera annua DC. (Cruciferae)

et al. 2020

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“…These degraded habitats harboured plant species including Potato weed, Ward's weed, and Onion weed, and contain toxic plant defence compounds (eg. pyrrolizidine alkaloids) [31,60]. Previous work on other herbivorous mammals has demonstrated that the gut microbiota can detoxify plant defence compounds for the host [61][62][63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The area consists of remnant mallee eucalypt woodland with a chenopod and grassland understory composed of a variety of introduced weeds, native grasses and chenopods. The diet of wombats in this area is made up largely of introduced weed species including thread iris ( Moraea setifolia ), wards weed ( Carrichtera annua ) and burr medic ( Medicago minima ), along with remnant chenopods and a few native grass species [ 31 ]. Except immediately after rain, no free water is available at these sites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signatures of landscape and captivity in the gut microbiota of Southern Hairy-nosed Wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons)

2021

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Background Herbivorous mammals co-opt microbes to derive energy and nutrients from diets that are recalcitrant to host enzymes. Recent research has found that captive management—an important conservation tool for many species—can alter the gut microbiota of mammals. Such changes could negatively impact the ability of herbivorous mammals to derive energy from their native diets, and ultimately reduce host fitness. To date, nothing is known of how captivity influences the gut microbiota of the Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat (SHNW), a large herbivorous marsupial that inhabits South Australia. Here, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we characterized the faecal microbiota of SHNWs in captivity and from three wild populations, two from degraded habitats and one from an intact native grass habitat. Results We found that captive SHNWs had gut microbiota that were compositionally different and less diverse compared to wild SHNWs. There were major differences in gut microbiota community membership between captive and wild animals, both in statistically significant changes in relative abundance of microbes, and in the presence/absence of microbes. We also observed differences in microbial composition between wild populations, with the largest difference associated with native vs. degraded habitat. Conclusions These results suggest that captivity has a major impact on the gut microbiota of SHNWs, and that different wild populations harbour distinct microbial compositions. Such findings warrant further work to determine what impacts these changes have on the fitness of SHNWs, and whether they could be manipulated to improve future management of the species.

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“…These degraded habitats harboured plant species including, Potato weed, Ward's weed, and Onion weed, and contain toxic plant defence compounds (eg. pyrrolizidine alkaloids) [59,31]. Previous work on other herbivorous mammals has demonstrated that the gut microbiota can detoxify plant defence compounds for the host [60][61][62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active weed management is undertaken at this site. Native grasses and forbs, the dominant component of wombat diet in this region, ourish at this site and include many Stipia, Hyalosperma, Silene, Rytidiosperma and Sida spp, and a wide variety of Chenopodiaceae (saltbush -Atriplex, Enchylaena and Rhagodia spp, and bluebush -Maireana spp) among others [31]. Except immediately after rain, no free water is available at this site.…”

Section: Intact Habitat -Wonga Stationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signatures of Landscape and Captivity in the Gut Microbiota of Southern Hairy-nosed Wombats (Lasiorhinus Latifrons)

Eisenhofer

Helgen

Taggart

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundHerbivorous mammals co-opt microbes to derive energy and nutrients from diets that are recalcitrant to host enzymes. Recent research has found that captive management—an important conservation tool for many species—can alter the gut microbiota of mammals. Such changes could negatively impact the ability of herbivorous mammals to derive energy from their native diets, and ultimately reduce host fitness. To date, nothing is known of how captivity influences the gut microbiota of the Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat (SHNW), a large herbivorous marsupial that inhabits South Australia. Here, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we characterized the faecal microbiota of SHNWs in captivity and from three wild populations, two from degraded habitats and one from an intact native grass habitat.ResultsWe found that captive SHNWs had gut microbiota that were compositionally different and less diverse compared to wild SHNWs. There were major differences in gut microbiota community membership between captive and wild, both in statistically significant changes in relative abundance of microbes, and in the presence/absence of microbes. We also observed differences in microbial composition between the wild populations, with the largest difference associated with native vs. degraded habitat. ConclusionsThese results suggest that captivity has a major impact on the gut microbiota of SHNWs, and that different wild populations harbour distinct microbial compositions. Such findings warrant further work to determine what impacts these changes have on the fitness of SHNWs, and whether they could be manipulated to improve future management of the species.

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Dual-locus DNA metabarcoding reveals southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons Owen) have a summer diet dominated by toxic invasive plants

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities and Molecular Docking Simulation of Carrichtera annua DC. (Cruciferae)

Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities and Molecular Docking Simulation of Carrichtera annua DC. (Cruciferae)

Signatures of landscape and captivity in the gut microbiota of Southern Hairy-nosed Wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons)

Signatures of Landscape and Captivity in the Gut Microbiota of Southern Hairy-nosed Wombats (Lasiorhinus Latifrons)

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