Dual left anterior descending artery: diagnostic criteria and novel classification

Dual left anterior descending artery: Case series based on novel classification and its therapeutic implications

“… Novel Classification Source Pictorial Depiction Older Classification N % Groups (N,%) Subgroups Variable Features (Type of anomaly) Group I (N = 206; 60.6%) I-A Absence of LMCA/common LAD and separate origin of LAD 1 and LAD 2 form LMCA/LCS. Soman 23 ; Jariwala et al 1 Fig. 3 ; Panel Ia I 181 53.2 Early origin of LAD 1 from the LMCA which bifurcates into LAD 2 and LCX.…”

“…There were 5 cases of inter-coronary communication/anastomosis 14 , 27 and 2 cases of associated hyperdominant LAD. 1 …”

“…We also retrieved detailed angiographic or autopsy findings, such as the origin, course, and pattern of distribution of dual LAD, LAD 1 , and LAD 2 . In accordance with the novel classification of dual LAD, 1 all of the recovered cases were reclassified, as detailed in the following section ( Fig. 2 ):

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“…Although the angiographic findings of the dual LAD system is considered as a typical variant of LAD, it should be labelled as a coronary anomaly when component/s of the dual LAD originate and/or courses anomalously. 1 In order to prevent misunderstanding of coronary angiography, cardiac physicians and diagnosticians need to be aware of this significant coronary abnormality. 2 From a therapeutic standpoint, categorising the dual LAD system is critical in order to better understand their pathophysiology and to imply optimal revascularization.…”

“…This was dividing dual LAD into three distinct groups and subgroups as acknowledged by the “ Indian Association of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgeons” . 1 …”