Dual hollow-core negative curvature fiber polarization beam splitter covering the O + E + S + C + L communication band

Abstract

In this paper, a dual hollow-core negative curvature fiber is proposed for the polarization beam splitter. The effects of the structure parameters of the dual hollow-core negative curvature fiber on the coupling length and coupling length ratio of the x -polarized and y -polarized core modes and the higher-order mode extinction ratio are analyzed by the finite element method. Moreover, the normalized output powers of the x -polarized and y -polarized modes in the cores A and B and the corresponding extinction ratio are also investigated by the mode coupling theory. The simulation results show that a dual hollow-core negative curvature fiber polarization beam splitter with the length of 6.45 cm can achieve a broad bandwidth of 400 nm (1.23–1.63 µm), covering the O + E + S + C + L communication band. In addition, the higher-order mode extinction ratio is greater than 100 in the considered wavelength range, which means that it has good single-mode characteristics. It is believed that the proposed dual hollow-core negative curvature fiber polarization beam splitter will have significant applications in the optical communication system.

Dual hollow-core anti-resonant fiber polarization beam splitter with excellent single-mode characteristics for ultra-broadband

“…The propagation characteristics of a DHC-ARF PBS can be calculated using a finite element algorithm. A perfectly matched layer is added to the outer side of the PBS quartz tube of the DHC-ARF, with its thickness and refractive index set to 𝐶 = 15 μm and 𝑛_𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎 + 0.03 [22].…”

Dual hollow-core anti-resonant fiber polarization beam splitter with ultra-short length and ultra-wide bandwidth

“…In 2022, Shaha et al introduced a DHC-ARF with a length of 2.152 cm, but it lacked good single-mode characteristics within its 340 nm wide operating bandwidth [17]. In the same year, Ni et al proposed a DHC-ARF with a length of 6.45 cm and an operating bandwidth of 400 nm [18]. This DHC-ARF uses four circular silicon tubes to form coupling channels in the horizontal direction and introduces nested tubes to suppress cladding modes and reduce the coupling length.…”

Enantioselective Bioreduction of Medicinally Relevant Nitrogen-Heteroaromatic Ketones

“…(+)-Bacillamide B ( 1 ), originally isolated in the Bahamas in 2007, displays antimicrobial and anti-HIV activities . Non-naturally occurring alcohols alongside their ether and amino derivatives that bear a nitrogen-heteroaromatic ring, such as thiazole ( 2 ), benzimidazole ( 3 ), pyrimidine ( 4 , 5 ), , pyrazine ( 6 ), quinoline ( 7 ), pyridine ( 8 – 10 ), − and imidazole, − are also commonly seen in medicinal chemistry studies, serving as important analogues for treatment of various diseases. For example, JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) inhibitor 5 and PI3Kδ (phosphoinositide-3-kinase δ) inhibitors 3 and 7 can be used to cure inflammatory diseases and cancers, whereas β 3 AR (β 3 adrenergic receptor) agonist 9 is a potential therapeutic agent for obesity.…”