Dual HIV-1 infection associated with rapid disease progression

Gottlieb, Geoffrey S.; Nickle, David C.; Jensen, Mark A.; Wong, Kim; Grobler, Jandre; Li, Fusheng; Liu, Shan-Lu; Rademeyer, Cecilia; Learn, Gerald H.; Karim, Salim Safurdeen. Abdool; Williamson, Carolyn; Corey, Lawrence; Margolick, Joseph B.; Mullins, James I.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15596-7

Cited by 173 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…HIV diversity is a direct consequence of replication rates, high mutation rates intrinsic to the virus, and selective pressures encountered within the host. 9 Initiating ART sooner may restrain increased viral diversity, keeping the virus population more susceptible to drugs.…”

Section: Damage To the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy and universal HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: Has WHO offered a milestone for HIV prevention?

Menon¹

2010

J Public Health Pol

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The majority of new HIV infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries with scarce financial resources and meagre health system infrastructure. Expansion of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) may overwhelm health services capacity, result in suboptimal care, and divert attention from crucial preventive measures. A 2009 WHO guideline recommends earlier initiation of ART for adults and adolescents, treatment at CD4 counts of 350 cells/mm 3 along with universal testing. For sub-Saharan Africa, WHO previously recommended a threshold of 200 cells/mm 3 . Despite vast potential benefits of early ART initiation at individual and community levels, it does not necessary follow that clinical experience in industrialised countries can be replicated in resource-limited settings with moderate to high HIV burdens. Adherence to the 2009 WHO guidelines is unlikely to be sustainable without guarantees of adequate national and donor support -something all developing countries need to consider before adoption of the new policy.

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Section: Damage To the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy and universal HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: Has WHO offered a milestone for HIV prevention?

Menon¹

2010

J Public Health Pol

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“…11 When it comes to family planning choices, when only one partner is HIV positive, the potential risk of transmitting HIV to the uninfected partner as well as the possibility of infection with other STIs should be taken into account. When both partners are living with HIV, possible re-infection with HIV has to be considered, 12 although there is still uncertainty regarding the risk and consequences of re-infection. 13,14 These issues may be perceived differently depending on factors such as living in a resource-poor country with limited access to both antiretroviral therapy and STI diagnosis and treatment and the level of condom use.…”

Section: Fertility-related Needs Of Women and Men Living With Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Choice for Women and Men Living with HIV: Contraception, Abortion and Fertility

Delvaux¹,

Nöstlinger

2007

Reproductive Health Matters

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From a policy and programmatic point of view, this paper reviews the literature on the fertility-related needs of women and men living with HIV and how the entry points represented by family planning, sexually transmitted infection and HIV-related services can ensure access to contraception, abortion and fertility services for women and men living with HIV. Most contraceptive methods are safe and effective for HIV positive women and men. The existing range of contraceptive options should be available to people living with HIV, along with more information about and access to emergency contraception. Potential drug interaction must be considered between hormonal contraception and treatment for tuberculosis and certain antiretroviral drugs. Couples living with HIV who wish to use a permanent contraceptive method should have access to female sterilisation and vasectomy in an informed manner, free of coercion. How to promote condoms and dual protection and how to make them acceptable in long term-relationships remains a challenge. Both surgical and medical abortion are safe for women living with HIV. To reduce risk of vertical transmission of HIV and in cases of infertility, people with HIV should have access to sperm washing and other assisted conception methods, if these are available. Simple and cost-effective procedures to reduce risk of vertical transmission should be part of counselling for women and men living with HIV who intend to have children. Support for the reproductive rights of people with HIV is a priority. More operations research on best practices is needed. A2007 Reproductive Health Matters. All rights reserved.

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“…However, some patients were superinfected with a second virus after the original seroconversion, 1 which generally accelerated disease progression. 2 We encountered a case of serial HIV-1 superinfection resulting in a triple infection in a Dutch patient who was originally infected with a subtype B virus. A 35-year-old homosexual man was found to be HIV-1-seropositive in March 2001 and was referred for follow-up.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%