“…Simultaneously, it is worth highlighting that the Sb–O, P–O, W–O t , W–O b , and W–O c peaks in the IR spectrum of 1 @EGO are red-shifted by 5–14 cm –1 compared with 1 , while the N–H bending vibration peak in the IR spectrum of 1 @EGO red-shifts by 15 cm –1 in contrast to EGO, strongly indicating electrostatic interactions among 1a polyanions and EGO (Figure S9a). , Moreover, the ζ potential tests reveal the surface potentials of GO and EGO in aqueous solution are −29.1 and −16.2 mV, respectively (Figure S9b,c), showing that EN groups in EGO are successfully protonated (−NH 3 + and −NH 2 + ), which makes the surface potential of EGO decrease by 12.9 mV in comparison with GO. The composite of 1a polyanions with EGO increases the surface potential of 1 @EGO to −45.7 mV (Figure S9d).…”