Dual H₂O₂‐Amplified Nanofactory for Simultaneous Self‐Enhanced NIR‐II Fluorescence Activation Imaging and Synergistic Tumor Therapy

Abstract

Activatable fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II FL, 1000–1700 nm) is of great significance for accurate tumor diagnosis and targeting therapy. However, the clinical translation of most stimulus‐activated nanoprobes is severely restricted by insufficient tumor response and out‐of‐synchronization theranostic process. Herein, an intelligent nanofactory AUC‐GOx/Cel that possesses the “external supply, internal promotion” dual H2O2‐amplification strategy for homologous activated tumor theranostic is designed. This nanofactory is constructed via a two‐step biomineralization method using Au‐doped Ag2S as a carrier for glucose oxidase (GOx) and celastrol, followed by the growing of CuS to “turn off” the NIR‐II FL signal. In the overexpressed H2O2 tumor‐microenvironment, the CuS featuring a responsive‐degradability behavior can effectively release Cu ions, resulting in the “ON” state of NIR‐II FL and Fenton‐like activity. The exposed GOx can realize the intratumoral H2O2 supply (external supply) via the effective conversion of glucose, and mediating tumor‐starvation therapy; the interaction of celastrol and mitochondria can offer a substantial increase in the endogenous H2O2 level (internal promotion), thereby significantly promoting the chemodynamic therapy (CDT) efficacy. Meanwhile, the dual H2O2‐enhancement performance will in turn accelerate the degradation of AUC‐GOx/Cel, and achieve a positive feedback mechanism for self‐reinforcing CDT.

Nucleic acid sensors in vivo: challenges and opportunities

“…However, as a class of emerging dyes, no quencher molecules were developed to match the NIR-II dyes yet, which hinders the fabrication of turn-on sensors. Potentially, some broadspectrum quenchers made up of nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), 88 graphene oxide (GOx), 89,90 and MnO 2 nanosheets, 91,92 can serve as the quenchers for NIR-II NA sensors. Furthermore, chemi-and bioluminescent sensors have advantages in their signal-to-noise ratio and response dynamics and do not require an excitation light source.…”

Defect-Rich Ni–CoO@PEG Porous Hexagonal Nanosheets: Multi-enzyme and Ultrasound Catalysis for Synergistic Anticancer Treatment

“…Glucose is present extensively in all organisms because its metabolism would supply energy for living cells. Due to the Warburg effect, the higher glucose level in the TME makes the feasibility for catalysis of intratumoral glucose and H 2 O 2 supplementation. − However, natural Gox always reveals expensive cost and susceptible denaturation. It is important to carry out non-enzymatic catalysis to replace natural Gox for glucose oxidation.…”

Multifunctional AuPd-cluster nanotheranostic agents with a cascade self-regulating redox tumor-microenvironment for dual-photodynamic synergized enzyme catalytic therapy

“…Tumour theranostics that uses molecular imaging techniques to study the heterogeneity of tumours before initiating therapy has received wide attention and can achieve higher therapeutic effects guided by imaging for more precise treatment. 1,2 Compared to traditional imaging techniques, fluorescence (FL) imaging offers great advantages in terms of spatial resolution, sensitivity, and detection safety. 3,4 FL imaging, particularly in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm), greatly lowers tissue autofluorescence and scattering, allowing for a much higher signal-to-noise ratio and deeper tissue penetration ability compared to the traditional NIR-I (780-900 nm) window.…”