Dual functional amphiphilic sugar-coated AIE-active fluorescent organic nanoparticles for the monitoring and inhibition of insulin amyloid fibrillation based on carbohydrate–protein interactions

Abstract

Amyloid-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, are all considered to be related to the deposition of amyloid fibrils in the body. Insulin is a protein hormone that easily undergoes aggregation...

Peptide Inhibitors of Insulin Fibrillation: Current and Future Challenges

“…Nanomaterials offer unique properties that arise from working at the nanoscale and are often used in medicine to provide a qualitative leap in therapy [ 61 ]. Among nanoparticles (NPs), those studied against insulin fibrillation include silicon NPs [ 62 ], ceria NPs [ 63 ], magnetite NPs [ 64 ], gold NPs [ 65 ], silver NPs [ 66 ], graphene oxide [ 67 ], organic NPs [ 68 ], carbon dots [ 69 , 70 , 71 ], and quantum dots [ 72 ]. Among molecules, there are glycopolymers [ 73 , 74 ], amphiphiles [ 75 ], aromatic molecules [ 76 ], polyphenols [ 6 , 77 , 78 ], vitamins [ 79 ], dyes [ 80 ], and various drugs [ 81 ].…”

Biosensing strategies for amyloid‐like protein aggregates

“…[43,44,46] (3) Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE): This type of unique molecule is nonemissive in aqueous solution but becomes highly emissive when gathered together. [47][48][49] This feature is wellsuited for monitoring the aggregation process as "chemical nose" as it provides structure-dependent tunable binding affinity with synchronous signal emission. Besides these, there are promising candidates like carbon-based quantum dots (QD), cyclic peptide-based nanoparticles (c-PNPs), carbazole derivatives, or transition metal complexes that are worth considering.…”

Aggregation of gold nanoclusters in amyloid fibers: a luminescence assay for amyloid fibrillation detection and inhibitor screening

“…Protein misfolding and aggregation, that is, amyloid fibrillation, has been proved to be a large factor in such diseases. 1–3 Therefore, a new detection method must be established for the process of protein amyloid fibrosis to explore the pathogenesis of these degenerative diseases and screen for the inhibitors of protein fibrosis. 4–7 Egg white lysozyme is most commonly used in the study of protein fibrosis due to its low price, easy fibrosis, and similarity to the human lysozyme structure.…”

“…With the development of science and technology, an increasing number of methods are being used to detect protein amyloid fibrosis, including sulfur flavin T (THT) fluorescence assay, 11 8-aniline-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence assay, 12 circular dichroism (CD), 2,13 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 14 infrared detection, 6,15 ultraviolet detection, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, the scattering method, atomic force microscopy, and polarization force microscopy. 16 However, these methods use expensive instruments, have complicated operation procedures, depend on professional operators, and are time-consuming, resulting in the waste of financial and material resources.…”

“…17–19 Among the methods, fluorescence detection has many advantages and is one of the most popular methods. 2,17 In particular, the THT fluorescence detection method is a widely used research method. However, this method has some shortcomings, such as false positive signals, low selectivity and sensitivity, small stock displacement, and an inability to recognize protein oligomers.…”