Dual function of the choroid plexus: Cerebrospinal fluid production and control of brain ion homeostasis

MacAulay, Nanna; Toft-Bertelsen, Trine L.

doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102797

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Furthermore, CP epithelial cells actively secrete specific molecules into the CSF. This process involves the transport and release of substances such as neurotransmitters, hormones and waste products, which play a crucial role in maintaining the overall function of the central nervous system and regulating long-range signaling within the brain [ 47 – 49 ]. CSF production is primarily attributed to the CP, as initially proposed by Cushing in the classical theory of CSF circulation [ 41 ].…”

Section: Cerebrospinal Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation and the Pathogenesis of Congenital Hydrocephalus

Zhang,

Hu,

Wang

2024

Neurochem Res

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The brain’s ventricles are filled with a colorless fluid known as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). When there is an excessive accumulation of CSF in the ventricles, it can result in high intracranial pressure, ventricular enlargement, and compression of the surrounding brain tissue, leading to potential damage. This condition is referred to as hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is classified into two categories: congenital and acquired. Congenital hydrocephalus (CH) poses significant challenges for affected children and their families, particularly in resource-poor countries. Recognizing the psychological and economic impacts is crucial for developing interventions and support systems that can help alleviate the distress and burden faced by these families. As our understanding of CSF production and circulation improves, we are gaining clearer insights into the causes of CH. In this article, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding CSF circulation pathways and the underlying causes of CH. The main causes of CH include abnormalities in the FoxJ1 pathway of ventricular cilia, dysfunctions in the choroid plexus transporter Na+-K+-2Cl- contransporter isoform 1, developmental abnormalities in the cerebral cortex, and structural abnormalities within the brain. Understanding the causes of CH is indeed crucial for advancing research and developing effective treatment strategies. In this review, we will summarize the findings from existing studies on the causes of CH and propose potential research directions to further our understanding of this condition.

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Section: Cerebrospinal Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation and the Pathogenesis of Congenital Hydrocephalus

Zhang,

Hu,

Wang

2024

Neurochem Res

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“…The Na + -K + -ATPase is also important for K + homeostasis. It removes excess K + from the CSF by pumping the ions into the cell [106]. It has been suggested that the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1) and potassium voltage-gated channel shaker-related subfamily member 3 (KCNA3) can join with potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 2 (KCNE2) to form K + channels on the basolateral side of cell to excrete K + into the blood [107].…”

Section: Electrolyte Transporters Channels and Pumps: Potential Roles...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study in human salivary glands found that WNK can be activated when there is an increase in the cellular levels of Ca 2+ [136]. WNK then phosphorylates the SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), which secondarily activates NKCC1 [106,137].…”

Section: Electrolyte Transporters Channels and Pumps: Potential Roles...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Modeling the Pathophysiology of Hydrocephalus: In Search of Better Treatment Options

Newland,

Jantzie,

Blazer-Yost

2024

Physiologia

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Hydrocephalus is caused by an overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), an obstruction of fluid movement, or improper reabsorption. CSF accumulation in the brain’s ventricles causes ventriculomegaly, increased intracranial pressure, inflammation, and neural cell injury. Hydrocephalus can arise from brain trauma, hemorrhage, infection, tumors, or genetic mutations. Currently, there is no cure for hydrocephalus. Treatments like shunting and endoscopic third ventriculostomies are used, but, unfortunately, these therapeutic approaches require brain surgery and have high failure rates. The choroid plexus epithelium (CPe) is thought to be the major producer of CSF in the brain. It is a polarized epithelium that regulates ion and water movement from a fenestrated capillary exudate to the ventricles. Despite decades of research, control of electrolyte movement in the CPe is still not fully understood. This review discusses important transporters on the CPe, how some of these are regulated, and which of them could be potential targets for hydrocephalus treatment. To advance the development of hydrocephalus treatments, physiologically relevant preclinical models are crucial. This review covers some of the current animal and cell culture methods used to study hydrocephalus and highlights the need to develop standardized preclinical models that are used by multiple investigators in order to replicate critical findings and resolve controversies regarding potential drug targets.

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“…CSF production by the CP is a complex process involving multiple ion channel transporters, including NKA, Na + ‐K + ‐2Cl − cotransporter (NKCC1), and aquaporins. 67 Recent hypotheses suggest that excessive levels of androgens, adipokines, and glucocorticoids may contribute to enhanced CSF secretion in IIH, potentially by upregulating ion channels and AQP activity. 68 NKCC1 is a bidirectional transporter protein that predominantly operates through phosphorylation‐dependent mechanisms.…”

Section: Hypothesis Of Pathological Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and recognition of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A narrative review

Zhou,

Liu

et al. 2024

CNS Neurosci Ther

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BackgroundIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) mainly affects obese young women, causing elevated intracranial pressure, headaches, and papilledema, risking vision loss and severe headaches. Despite weight loss as the primary treatment, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent research explores novel therapeutic targets.AimsThis review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of IIH's pathophysiology and clinical features to inform pathogenesis and improve treatment strategies.MethodsRecent publications on IIH were searched and summarized using PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE.ResultsThe review highlights potential pathomechanisms and therapeutic advances in IIH.ConclusionIIH incidence is rising, with growing evidence linking it to metabolic and hormonal disturbances. Early diagnosis and treatment remain challenging.

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Dual function of the choroid plexus: Cerebrospinal fluid production and control of brain ion homeostasis

Cited by 7 publications

References 134 publications

A Review of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation and the Pathogenesis of Congenital Hydrocephalus

A Review of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation and the Pathogenesis of Congenital Hydrocephalus

Understanding and Modeling the Pathophysiology of Hydrocephalus: In Search of Better Treatment Options

Progress and recognition of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A narrative review

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