Dual fortification of salt with iodine and micronized ferric pyrophosphate: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial

Abstract

A DFS containing iodine and micronized ferric pyrophosphate can be an effective fortification strategy in rural Africa.

Adiposity in women and children from transition countries predicts decreased iron absorption, iron deficiency and a reduced response to iron fortification

“…33 Baseline and intervention studies in children The four pediatric studies analyzed in this paper were baseline surveys followed by controlled efficacy trials of iron fortification, and have been reported elsewhere. [34][35][36] From the baseline surveys, we included all children in this analysis; from the intervention trials, because we wanted to examine the effect of weight status on response to the iron treatment, we included only children from the iron treatment groups. Body weight was measured using a digital scale to the nearest 100 g and height was measured using a rigid stadiometer or a nonstretchable pull-down measuring tape to the nearest 0.5 cm.…”

“…Body weight was measured using a digital scale to the nearest 100 g and height was measured using a rigid stadiometer or a nonstretchable pull-down measuring tape to the nearest 0.5 cm. 31 The Moroccan studies 34,35 were done in semi-rural villages in the northern Rif mountains. The first study tested the efficacy of a salt containing 1 mg Fe per gram (as encapsulated ferrous sulfate) provided to households for 9 months, in 6-to 15-year-old children.…”

“…34 The second study tested the efficacy of a salt containing 2 mg Fe per gram (as micronized ferric pyrophosphate) provided for 9 months, in 6-to 15-year-old children. 35 The two Indian studies were done in Bangalore, Karnataka State. 36 In the first, urban, 6-to 13-year-old children were given a rice-based lunch meal fortified with 20 mg Fe as ferric pyrophosphate for 7 months.…”

Sodium pyrophosphate enhances iron bioavailability from bouillon cubes fortified with ferric pyrophosphate

“…Food fortification is regarded as a safe and cost-effective approach to counteract and prevent ID as long as the targeted populations consume significant quantities of industrially manufactured fortified foods (2) . Condiments are promising vehicles for fortification as they are among the very few regularly purchased food items in resource-poor areas (3) , and Fe-fortified condiments have been shown to be efficacious in improving Fe status (4)(5)(6)(7) .Bouillon cubes are a promising vehicle for Fe fortification, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where previous national surveys have reported a high proportion of Burkinabe, Cameroonian, Nigerian, Senegalese and Ivorian women (79-96 %) who consumed bouillon cubes regularly (8)(9)(10) . However, ensuring the bioavailability of Fe and the stability of the cubes in these climates is challenging.…”

“…Food fortification is regarded as a safe and cost-effective approach to counteract and prevent ID as long as the targeted populations consume significant quantities of industrially manufactured fortified foods (2) . Condiments are promising vehicles for fortification as they are among the very few regularly purchased food items in resource-poor areas (3) , and Fe-fortified condiments have been shown to be efficacious in improving Fe status (4)(5)(6)(7) .…”