Dual-energy gamma-ray technique for quantitative measurement of coal ash in the Shahroud mine, Iran

Yazdi, Mohammad; Esmaeilnia, S.A

doi:10.1016/s0166-5162(03)00085-5

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Most of the Iranian coal resources are exposed in Alborz basin in the northern part of Iran and also in Kerman basin in the central-eastern part of Iran (Yazdi and Esmaeilnia 2003;Goodarzi et al 2006;Shojaei and Aftabi 2008;Yaghubpur and Hakkakzadeh 2011;Solaymani and Taghipour 2012;Moore and Esmaeili 2012). These studies provide a valuable contribution to some of the elemental composition of the Iranian coals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, the Au, Pd and Pt concentrations in Zarand coal tailings are 0.015, 0.012 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. Yazdi and Esmaeilnia (2003), Yazdi and Esmaeilnia (2004) and Yazdi (2012) reported very high gold values (0.311, 311 and 13 mg/kg or ppm) from Shahroud and Lushan coal mines, northern and western Alborz basin coal deposits, and northern coalfields of Iran. As the authors did not mention any precision or accuracy for the questionable erratic high gold contents, further studies and revisions are required for new data of gold in Shahroud and Lushan coals.…”

Section: Vanadiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical and environmental baseline of major and trace elements in Zarand coals, southeastern Iran

Aftabi

Shojaei

Nezhad³

2014

Environ Earth Sci

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In order to establish a geochemical baseline for environmental impacts of coal measures in Rhaeto-Jurassic Zarand coalfields, multielement geochemistry of 22 host rocks, 26 coal seams and 9 coal ashes was determined by ICP-MS, ICP-AES, XRF, PGM-ICP24 and CV-ASS methods at ALS Chemex, Canada. The discrimination diagrams of major trace elements show a continental margin granitoid arc provenance for coal-bearing sandstones and shales. Compared to the crustal abundance, world coals and American coals, the geochemical baseline for most of the elements is within the limits of safeguard background values. However, higher contents of Li (49.31-185 mg/kg), Rb (71.12-131.73 mg/kg), Cs (7.13-16.12 mg/kg), V (72.19-213.1 mg/kg), Th (7.63-11.8 mg/kg), As (10.1-31.31 mg/ kg), Nb (5.4-15.07 mg/kg),Ta (0.4-1 mg/kg), Hf (1.89 mg/ kg), Ga (12.63-32.16 mg/kg), Ce (37.31-64.28 mg/kg), Pb (40.23-55.76 mg/kg), Cr (48.23-133 mg/kg), Zr (60.39 mg/ kg), and Hg (0.24 mg/kg), are of some environmental as well as economic concerns. The low values of B (0.12-12 mg/kg), S (7,839-10,567 mg/kg) and Zn (63.25-157.6 mg/kg) in Zarand coals may indicate a fluvial freshwater environment of coal deposition. Au, Pt and Pd contents are slightly higher than the crustal abundance and further studies are required for their possible environmental and economic evaluation. As the mean Hg value in ash (0.0075 mg/kg) is almost 32 times lower than the mercury content of the coal seams (0.24 mg/ kg), it is noteworthy that much of Hg is released by coal combustion to the atmosphere, which has certainly a detrimental environmental impact. The Ce, Cs, Ga, La, Li, Rb and V values are much higher than the average world and American coals and merit further investigations for being the economic by-products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Vanadiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical and environmental baseline of major and trace elements in Zarand coals, southeastern Iran

Aftabi

Shojaei

Nezhad³

2014

Environ Earth Sci

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“…Syngenetic pyrite, marcasite, detrital quartz, siderite, calcite, illite, and kaolinite are the main minerals in these coals. These coals seem to have strength of 5 to 10 MPa similar to those tested before in the Zirab coal mine [4][5][6]. During the research we used 10 typical samples from Zirab coal mine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Natural Fragmentation Model of Zirab Coals, Iran

Yazdi¹,

Esmaeilnia²

2009

TOGEOJ

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Iran's coals occur in the Alborz range (north) and Central Iran basins. The Zirab is typical coalfield in the Alborz coal basin. From litho types of view, the coals are mainly clarovitrinite to clarodurite type which are used as source of coking coal for metallurgical factories. During the research we used 10 typical samples from Zirab coal mine to estimate fragmentation model of natural particle-size distribution of these coals. Prediction of natural fragmentation properties from coals was the main aim of this research. In order to calculate the natural fragmentation model at any stage of the extraction (or sizing) operation, we tried to find similar models that combine both natural fragmentation and degradation through natural crushing. The results our research suggest a power-law and a log-normal behavior for the distribution of the smaller and larger coal fragments, respectively. We show that the probability function that models the production of particles of different size from an initial mass and sorts that distribution is related to mass and compositional factors of coal particles. Also, our studies showed that during the fall of coals from 4m height, fragmentation followed a range of 10 percent, per time for particles smaller than 5 mm diameter. It means that if the processes would repeat 10 times, 100 percent of coals would crush to the size of less than 5 mm.

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“…Single energy gamma rays was used by Ursin [ 263 ] to obtain the local water saturation over a cross-sectional area in two-phase flow experiments performed on a heterogeneous porous medium of unconsolidated glass powder. In the dual-energy gamma radiation, 241-Americium and 137-Cesium are usually used as low- and high-energy gamma ray sources, respectively [ 264 ]. The gamma beams from the two energy sources are simultaneously emitted and travel through the same sample section.…”

Section: Imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Microfluidic Devices and Imaging Techniques for Fluid Flow Study in Porous Geomaterials

Jahanbakhsh

Wlodarczyk

Hand

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Understanding transport phenomena and governing mechanisms of different physical and chemical processes in porous media has been a critical research area for decades. Correlating fluid flow behaviour at the micro-scale with macro-scale parameters, such as relative permeability and capillary pressure, is key to understanding the processes governing subsurface systems, and this in turn allows us to improve the accuracy of modelling and simulations of transport phenomena at a large scale. Over the last two decades, there have been significant developments in our understanding of pore-scale processes and modelling of complex underground systems. Microfluidic devices (micromodels) and imaging techniques, as facilitators to link experimental observations to simulation, have greatly contributed to these achievements. Although several reviews exist covering separately advances in one of these two areas, we present here a detailed review integrating recent advances and applications in both micromodels and imaging techniques. This includes a comprehensive analysis of critical aspects of fabrication techniques of micromodels, and the most recent advances such as embedding fibre optic sensors in micromodels for research applications. To complete the analysis of visualization techniques, we have thoroughly reviewed the most applicable imaging techniques in the area of geoscience and geo-energy. Moreover, the integration of microfluidic devices and imaging techniques was highlighted as appropriate. In this review, we focus particularly on four prominent yet very wide application areas, namely “fluid flow in porous media”, “flow in heterogeneous rocks and fractures”, “reactive transport, solute and colloid transport”, and finally “porous media characterization”. In summary, this review provides an in-depth analysis of micromodels and imaging techniques that can help to guide future research in the in-situ visualization of fluid flow in porous media.

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Dual-energy gamma-ray technique for quantitative measurement of coal ash in the Shahroud mine, Iran

Cited by 34 publications

References 1 publication

Geochemical and environmental baseline of major and trace elements in Zarand coals, southeastern Iran

Geochemical and environmental baseline of major and trace elements in Zarand coals, southeastern Iran

Natural Fragmentation Model of Zirab Coals, Iran

Review of Microfluidic Devices and Imaging Techniques for Fluid Flow Study in Porous Geomaterials

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