Dual-Energy CT of the Heart: A Review

Dell’Aversana, Serena; Ascione, Raffaele; Giorgi, M. De; Lucia, Davide Raffaele De; Cuocolo, Renato; Boccalatte, Marco; Sibilio, Gerolamo; Napolitano, Giovanni; Muscogiuri, Giuseppe; Sironi, Sandro; Costanzo, Giuseppe; Cavaglià, Enrico; Imbriaco, Massimo; Ponsiglione, Andrea

doi:10.3390/jimaging8090236

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In fact, DECT can assess both the density and the atomic number of plaque constituents, thus representing a promising useful tool to detect vulnerable plaques in emergency scenarios, too [148]. If, on the one hand, DECT can be used to evaluate the morphology of a plaque, on the other hand, it can be used to assess the stenosis percentage [149]. DECT also allows for iodine quantification within myocardium since each human tissue and iodine-based contrast medium presents a typical absorption characteristic when penetrated with different X-ray energy levels [150].…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of these CT scanners in the emergency department is still partly limited because of the higher cost and the need for dedicated software. However, the introduction of DECT into daily practice will offer a new reliable tool in cardiac emergencies [149]. DECT scanners should be recommended as an option for the evaluation of acute chest pain in women since they provide improved diagnostic accuracy and image quality, and, at the same time, they reduce both contrast media administration and radiation [148].…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Cardiac Imaging and Women’s Chest Pain: A Question of Gender

Dell’Aversana,

Tedeschi,

Comune

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Awareness of gender differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased: both the different impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on women and the existence of sex-specific risk factors have been demonstrated. Therefore, it is essential to recognize typical aspects of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women, who usually show a lower prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) as a cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It is also important to know how to recognize pathologies that can cause acute chest pain with a higher incidence in women, such as spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) gained a pivotal role in the context of cardiac emergencies. Thus, the aim of our review is to investigate the most frequent scenarios in women with acute chest pain and how advanced cardiac imaging can help in the management and diagnosis of ACS.

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Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Cardiac Imaging and Women’s Chest Pain: A Question of Gender

Dell’Aversana,

Tedeschi,

Comune

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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“…The use of DECT techniques has very recently attracted interest in different clinical applications, including diagnostics; for example using DECT for the improved detection of portal vein thrombosis via virtual monoenergetic reconstructions [ 19 ], for reducing visceral-motion-related artifacts on the liver by comparing different CT scanner techniques [ 20 ], or also using DECT of the heart to the study of coronary artery disease [ 21 ].…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

DECT-CLUST: Dual-Energy CT Image Clustering and Application to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Segmentation

et al. 2022

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Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is an advanced CT computed tomography scanning technique enabling material characterization not possible with conventional CT scans. It allows the reconstruction of energy decay curves at each 3D image voxel, representing varied image attenuation at different effective scanning energy levels. In this paper, we develop novel unsupervised learning techniques based on mixture models and functional data analysis models to the clustering of DECT images. We design functional mixture models that integrate spatial image context in mixture weights, with mixture component densities being constructed upon the DECT energy decay curves as functional observations. We develop dedicated expectation–maximization algorithms for the maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first article to develop statistical functional data analysis and model-based clustering techniques to take advantage of the full spectral information provided by DECT. We evaluate the application of DECT to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Current image-based evaluation of these tumors in clinical practice is largely qualitative, based on a visual assessment of tumor anatomic extent and basic one- or two-dimensional tumor size measurements. We evaluate our methods on 91 head and neck cancer DECT scans and compare our unsupervised clustering results to tumor contours traced manually by radiologists, as well as to several baseline algorithms. Given the inter-rater variability even among experts at delineating head and neck tumors, and given the potential importance of tissue reactions surrounding the tumor itself, our proposed methodology has the potential to add value in downstream machine learning applications for clinical outcome prediction based on DECT data in head and neck cancer.

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“…Dual-energy CT (DECT) has become an integral component of clinical practice, offering a wide array of applications across various medical domains, including musculoskeletal, vascular, cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and neurological fields [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Notably, recent advancements have highlighted its significant advantages in the evaluation of oncology patients [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Energy CT in Oncologic Imaging

Foti,

Ascenti,

Agostini

et al. 2024

Tomography

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Dual-energy CT (DECT) is an innovative technology that is increasingly widespread in clinical practice. DECT allows for tissue characterization beyond that of conventional CT as imaging is performed using different energy spectra that can help differentiate tissues based on their specific attenuation properties at different X-ray energies. The most employed post-processing applications of DECT include virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs), iodine density maps, virtual non-contrast images (VNC), and virtual non-calcium (VNCa) for bone marrow edema (BME) detection. The diverse array of images obtained through DECT acquisitions offers numerous benefits, including enhanced lesion detection and characterization, precise determination of material composition, decreased iodine dose, and reduced artifacts. These versatile applications play an increasingly significant role in tumor assessment and oncologic imaging, encompassing the diagnosis of primary tumors, local and metastatic staging, post-therapy evaluation, and complication management. This article provides a comprehensive review of the principal applications and post-processing techniques of DECT, with a specific focus on its utility in managing oncologic patients.

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Dual-Energy CT of the Heart: A Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 87 publications

Advanced Cardiac Imaging and Women’s Chest Pain: A Question of Gender

Advanced Cardiac Imaging and Women’s Chest Pain: A Question of Gender

DECT-CLUST: Dual-Energy CT Image Clustering and Application to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Segmentation

Dual-Energy CT in Oncologic Imaging

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