Dual energy CT in gland tumors: a comprehensive narrative review and differential diagnosis

Gentili, Francesco; Guerrini, Susanna; Mazzei, Francesco Giuseppe; Monteleone, Ilaria; Meglio, Nunzia Di; Sansotta, Letizia; Perrella, Armando; Puglisi, Sara; Filippo, Massimo De; Gennaro, Paolo; Volterrani, Luca; Castagna, Maria Grazia; Dotta, Francesco; Mazzei, Maria Antonietta

doi:10.21037/gs-20-543

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The same reconstructions could allow for the better evaluation of enhancing tumors with intracranial extent via the skull base foramina because of the reduction in artifacts originating from the bony skull [ 105 ].…”

Section: Virtual Monoenergeticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Energy CT in Oncologic Imaging

Foti,

Ascenti,

Agostini

et al. 2024

Tomography

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Dual-energy CT (DECT) is an innovative technology that is increasingly widespread in clinical practice. DECT allows for tissue characterization beyond that of conventional CT as imaging is performed using different energy spectra that can help differentiate tissues based on their specific attenuation properties at different X-ray energies. The most employed post-processing applications of DECT include virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs), iodine density maps, virtual non-contrast images (VNC), and virtual non-calcium (VNCa) for bone marrow edema (BME) detection. The diverse array of images obtained through DECT acquisitions offers numerous benefits, including enhanced lesion detection and characterization, precise determination of material composition, decreased iodine dose, and reduced artifacts. These versatile applications play an increasingly significant role in tumor assessment and oncologic imaging, encompassing the diagnosis of primary tumors, local and metastatic staging, post-therapy evaluation, and complication management. This article provides a comprehensive review of the principal applications and post-processing techniques of DECT, with a specific focus on its utility in managing oncologic patients.

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Section: Virtual Monoenergeticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Energy CT in Oncologic Imaging

Foti,

Ascenti,

Agostini

et al. 2024

Tomography

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“…In the same way, an equilibrium phase, better if performed using the dual-energy technique, a new technology that is rapidly emerging in oncology, will dig up a PC without ascites or allow differential diagnosis between PC and fibrosis after treatment (Fig. 3) [33][34][35][36][37][38]. Both radiologists and surgical oncologists considered it essential to include the technique in the CT report with a very good agreement in all rounds for all sections of the structured report.…”

Section: Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured and shared CT radiological report of gastric cancer: a consensus proposal by the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer (GIRCG) and the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM)

et al. 2021

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Objectives Written radiological report remains the most important means of communication between radiologist and referring medical/surgical doctor, even though CT reports are frequently just descriptive, unclear, and unstructured. The Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM) and the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer (GIRCG) promoted a critical shared discussion between 10 skilled radiologists and 10 surgical oncologists, by means of multi-round consensus-building Delphi survey, to develop a structured reporting template for CT of GC patients. Methods Twenty-four items were organized according to the broad categories of a structured report as suggested by the European Society of Radiology (clinical referral, technique, findings, conclusion, and advice) and grouped into three "CT report sections" depending on the diagnostic phase of the radiological assessment for the oncologic patient (staging, restaging, and follow-up). Results In the final round, 23 out of 24 items obtained agreement ( ≥ 8) and consensus ( ≤ 2) and 19 out 24 items obtained a good stability (p > 0.05). Conclusions The structured report obtained, shared by surgical and medical oncologists and radiologists, allows an appropriate, clearer, and focused CT report essential to high-quality patient care in GC, avoiding the exclusion of key radiological information useful for multidisciplinary decision-making. Key Points • Imaging represents the cornerstone for tailored treatment in GC patients.• CT-structured radiology report in GC patients is useful for multidisciplinary decision making. Keywords CT scan . Stomach neoplasms . Report Abbreviations GC Gastric cancer MDT Multidisciplinary team PC Peritoneal carcinomatosis Introduction/background Gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive tumor and it remains the third cause of mortality for cancer worldwide [1]. Even if The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has recently allowed a comprehensive molecular characterization of GC,

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“…Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is a unique malignant tumor of the salivary gland, accounting for approximately 10% of all salivary gland tumors and 30% of salivary gland malignancies ( 1 ). It is characterized by being highly invasive and prone to neurovascular aggression and distant metastasis ( 2 ). The 5-year survival rate of SACC is approximately 70–90% but only 20% of cases have distant invasion ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silencing of AJAP1 expression by promoter methylation activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma

Jiang¹,

Liu²,

Pan³

et al. 2023

Gland Surg

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Background Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is a unique malignant tumor of the salivary gland with poor prognosis, which is not effective with chemotherapy and targeted drugs. Therefore, it is important to explore the molecular mechanism underlying SACC invasion and metastasis to develop novel therapeutic strategies and targets in clinical research. Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot (WB) were performed to detect the expression of Adherens Junctions Associated Protein 1 ( AJAP1 ). Methylation-specific PCR was used to evaluate the methylation of the AJAP1 promoter. AJAP1 was overexpressed or knocked down by lentivirus-mediated transfection. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to create a survival curve and the log-rank test was used to analyze the overall survival (OS). The prognostic correlation was assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was utilized to pull down the possible binding protein of AJAP1 and laser scanning confocal microscopy was applied to detect the subcellular localization of AJAP1 , E-cadherin, and β-catenin. Cell viability, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays were performed to evaluate the function of AJAP1 in vitro . A subcutaneous xenograft assay in nude mice was performed to verify the function of AJAP1 in vivo . Results AJAP1 was downregulated in SACC tumors and was closely related to SACC lymph node/distant metastasis, which was an independent risk factor for SACC prognosis. Methylation-specific PCR confirmed that high methylation of the AJAP1 promoter was the main cause of its silencing. Overexpression or knockdown of AJAP1 in SACC cells could significantly inhibit or promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of SACC cells, respectively, in both the in vitro and in vivo experiments. Mechanically, we found that AJAP1 binds to E-cadherin and β-catenin to form a complex in cytomembrane, reducing the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and blocking the Wingless/Integrated/β-catenin (Wnt/β-catenin) signaling pathway to play a suppressive role in cancer. Conclusions In conclusion, these results suggest that the downregulation of AJAP1 protein expression may play a certain role in progression and metastasis of SACC. Our study indicates that AJAP1 may be a potential prognostic molecular marker and therapeutic target for SACC.

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Dual energy CT in gland tumors: a comprehensive narrative review and differential diagnosis

Cited by 12 publications

References 105 publications

Dual-Energy CT in Oncologic Imaging

Dual-Energy CT in Oncologic Imaging

Structured and shared CT radiological report of gastric cancer: a consensus proposal by the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer (GIRCG) and the Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM)

Silencing of AJAP1 expression by promoter methylation activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma

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