Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Lung in patients of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Khan, Ahmad Ali; Khanduri, Sachin; Tarin, Zikra; Abbas, Syed Zain; Husain, Mushahid; Singh, Anchal; Yadav, Poonam; Jain, Shreshtha

doi:10.25259/jcis_78_2020

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The degree of consolidation was closely related to the amount of AFB, since AFB is abundant in caseous necrotic tissue. In addition, Khan [ 19 ] that the number of consolidated lung lobes increased with the number of AFB, suggesting that PTB had intrabronchial spread. Therefore, the results of this study once again confirmed the importance of consolidation and multilobe involvement in AFB-positive PTB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography findings related to the infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis

et al. 2021

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Aim This study mainly evaluates the clinical characteristics and chest chest computed tomography (CT) findings of AFB-positive and AFB-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients to explore the relationship between AFB-positive and clinico-radiological findings. Methods A retrospective analysis of 224 hospitalized tuberculosis patients from 2018 to 2020 was undertaken. According to the AFB smear results, they were divided into AFB-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (positive by Ziehl–Neelsen staining) and AFB-negative pulmonary tuberculosis and patients’ CT results and laboratory test results were analyzed. Results A total of 224 PTB patients were enrolled. AFB-positive (n = 94, 42%) and AFB-negative (n = 130, 58%). AFB-positive patients had more consolidation (77.7% vs. 53.8%, p < 0.01), cavity (55.3% vs. 34.6%, p < 0.01), calcification (38.3% vs. 20%, p < 0.01), bronchiectasis (7.5% vs. 1.5%, p < 0.05), bronchiarctia (6.4% vs. 0.8%, p < 0.05), and right upper lobe involvement (57.5% vs. 33.1%, p < 0.01), left upper lobe involvement (46.8% vs. 33.1%, p < 0.05) and lymphadenopathy (58.5% vs. 37.7%, p < 0.01). Conclusion The study found that when pulmonary tuberculosis patients have consolidation, cavity, upper lobe involvement and lymphadenopathy on chest CT images, they may have a higher risk of AFB-positive tuberculosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography findings related to the infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis

et al. 2021

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“…Khan et al observed the lungs using conventional CT and DECT and reorganized monochromatic spectral images to investigate tuberculosis. Their results indicated that the monochromatic spectral images obtained at 140 keV were superior to those obtained at 80 keV and that the combination of the two types of images achieved superior results to conventional CT images [18]. The present study discovered that 140-keV images are suitable for observation of the lungs because the lungs mostly comprise air, and the best CNR m results were attained for these images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…The analysis results were standardized, and 80-keV energy was discovered to be the parameter most suitable for observing the breast and lungs simultaneously (Figure 1). Other studies have also indicated that 80 keV is the optimal parameter for the observation of soft tissue images after subjective factors were included [2,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for Evaluation of Breast Cancer Follow-Ups: Comparison of Virtual Monoenergetic Images and Iodine-Map

Xie

Chen

et al. 2022

Diagnostics

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Differentiating tumor tissue from dense breast tissue can be difficult. Dual-energy CT (DECT) could be suitable for making diagnoses at breast cancer follow-ups. This study investigated the contrast in DECT images and iodine maps for patients with breast cancer being followed-up. Chest CT images captured in 2019 were collected. Five cases of metastatic breast cancer in the lungs were analyzed; the contrast-to-noise ratio (for breast tissue and muscle: CNRb and CNRm, respectively), tumor-to-breast mammary gland ratio (T/B), and tumor-to-muscle ratio (T/M) were calculated. For 84 cases of no metastasis, monochromatic spectral and iodine maps were obtained to compare differences under various breast densities using the K-means algorithm. The optimal T/B, T/M, and CNRb (related to mammary glands) were achieved for the 40-keV image. Conversely, CNRm (related to lungs) was better for higher energy. The optimal balance was achieved at 80 keV. T/B, T/M, and CNR were excellent for iodine maps, particularly for density > 25%. In conclusion, energy of 80 keV is the parameter most suitable for observing the breast and lungs simultaneously by using monochromatic spectral images. Adding iodine mapping can be appropriate when a patient’s breast density is greater than 25%.

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“…Spectral imaging on CT (dual-/tri-/quad-energy), when it becomes widely available, should further enhance radiologists’ diagnostic armamentarium[ 38 ]. Khan et al [ 57 ] concluded that dual energy CT is superior to high-resolution CT for assessing pulmonary TB. Recent CT iterative reconstructions allow significant X-ray dose reduction and improved image quality over conventional filtered back-projection reconstruction methods[ 58 ].…”

Section: Imaging Methods In Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis conundrum - current and future scenarios: A proposed comprehensive approach combining laboratory, imaging, and computing advances

Merchant¹,

Shaikh²,

Nadkarni³

2022

WJR

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global threat, with the rise of multiple and extensively drug resistant TB posing additional challenges. The International health community has set various 5-yearly targets for TB elimination: mathematical modelling suggests that a 2050 target is feasible with a strategy combining better diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines to detect and treat both latent and active infection. The availability of rapid and highly sensitive diagnostic tools (Gene-Xpert, TB-Quick) will vastly facilitate population-level identification of TB (including rifampicin resistance and through it, multi-drug-resistant TB). Basic-research advances have illuminated molecular mechanisms in TB, including the protective role of Vitamin D. Also, Mycobacterium tuberculosis impairs the host immune response through epigenetic mechanisms (histone-binding modulation). Imaging will continue to be key, both for initial diagnosis and follow-up. We discuss advances in multiple imaging modalities to evaluate TB tissue changes, such as molecular imaging techniques (including pathogen-specific positron emission tomography imaging agents), non-invasive temporal monitoring, and computing enhancements to improve data acquisition and reduce scan times. Big data analysis and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, notably in the AI sub-field called “Deep Learning”, can potentially increase the speed and accuracy of diagnosis. Additionally, Federated learning makes multi-institutional/multi-city AI-based collaborations possible without sharing identifiable patient data. More powerful hardware designs - e.g. , Edge and Quantum Computing- will facilitate the role of computing applications in TB. However, “Artificial Intelligence needs real Intelligence to guide it!” To have maximal impact, AI must use a holistic approach that incorporates time tested human wisdom gained over decades from the full gamut of TB, i.e. , key imaging and clinical parameters, including prognostic indicators, plus bacterial and epidemiologic data. We propose a similar holistic approach at the level of national/international policy formulation and implementation, to enable effective culmination of TB’s endgame, summarizing it with the acronym “TB - REVISITED”.

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Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Lung in patients of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography findings related to the infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis

Clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography findings related to the infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis

Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for Evaluation of Breast Cancer Follow-Ups: Comparison of Virtual Monoenergetic Images and Iodine-Map

Tuberculosis conundrum - current and future scenarios: A proposed comprehensive approach combining laboratory, imaging, and computing advances

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