Dual-Emission Reverse Change Ratio Photoluminescence Sensor Based on a Probe of Nitrogen-Doped Ti₃C₂ Quantum Dots@DAP to Detect H₂O₂ and Xanthine

Abstract

Titanium carbide quantum dots (Ti3C2 QDs) derived from two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2T x (MXene) are the rising-star material recently. Herein, nitrogen-doped Ti3C2 QDs (N-Ti3C2 QDs) were synthesized via a solvothermal method. The obtained N-Ti3C2 QDs exhibited excitation-dependent photoluminescence, antiphotobleaching, and dispersion stability. Furthermore, by combining the N-Ti3C2 QDs and DAP (2,3-diaminophenazine, the oxidative product of o-phenylenediamine) as a composite nanoprobe (N-Ti3C2 QDs@DAP), we developed a dual-emission reverse change ratiometric sensor to quantitatively monitor H2O2 based on photoinduced electron-transfer effects, where N-Ti3C2 QDs acted as the donor and DAP as the acceptor. On the basis of the xanthine converting into H2O2 through the catalysis of xanthine oxidase, the N-Ti3C2 QDs@DAP nanoprobe was also exploited for xanthine sensing. As a result, the proposed assay was demonstrated to be highly sensitive for H2O2 and xanthine with detection limits of 0.57 and 0.34 μM, respectively. In a word, we have investigated the application of N-Ti3C2 QDs in H2O2 and xanthine sensing and opened a new and exciting avenue for the N-Ti3C2 QDs in biosensing.

MXene derivatives: synthesis and applications in energy convention and storage

“…In addition, heteroatom doping during the hydrothermal/solvothermal treatment could signicantly improve the electronic properties of QDs, induce more active sites on the surface, as well as obtain higher yields. [67][68][69] Feng and co-workers designed a DETA-assisted solvothermal route to obtain in situ nitrogen-doped MQDs in DMF solution. 44 N-MQDs showed smaller particle sizes than MQDs because of the contribution of N to the increased surface defects.…”

“…Lu and co-workers prepared highly uorescent N-MQDs using dimethylformamide (DMF) as both, the solvent agent, and doping addictive, showing a signicantly higher quantum yield of 11.13% than with ethanol (1.09%) and water (0.34%) system. 67 Moreover, ultrasound treatment could be introduced to prepare MQDs, breaking MXene into small pieces and exposing more edges and sites. 70,71 Zhang and co-workers designed a facile one-step ultrasound method, where delaminated MXene were sonicated for 10 h to obtain MQDs (Fig.…”

N,N-Dimethyl Formamide Regulating Fluorescence of MXene Quantum Dots for the Sensitive Determination of Fe3+

“…For example, Zhou et al synthesized the nitrogen-doped Ti 3 C 2 QDs combined with 2,3- diaminophenazine, presenting a sensitively ratiometric sensor for H 2 O 2 and xanthine. The limit of detection was determined to be 0.57 and 0.34 μM, respectively [ 12 ]. By integrating the electron transfer and inner filter effect, Liu et al reported the fluorescent MQDs synthesized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for the detection of Fe 3+ with high sensitivity and selectivity [ 13 ].…”

N, N-Dimethyl Formamide Regulating Fluorescence of MXene Quantum Dots for the Sensitive Determination of Fe3+

“…The limit of detection was determined to be 0.57 and 0.34 µM, respectively. 10 By integrating the electron transfer and inner lter effect, Liu et al reported uorescent MQDs synthesized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for the detection of Fe 3+ with high sensitivity and selectivity. 11 Despite of these, the current literatures about uorescent MQDs-based sensors are still limited, while in particular the exploration of the relationship between optical and interfacial properties of MQDs is still in infancy.…”