Dual effect of dynamic vulcanization of biobased unsaturated polyester: Simultaneously enhance the toughness and fire safety of Poly(lactic acid)

Li, Defu; Zhao, Xi; Jia, Yun-Wan; He, Limo; Wang, Xiuli; Wang, Yu‐Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107069

Cited by 40 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The reason behind this improvement is not clear. However, part of the research indicates the occurrence of plasticizing effects with the use of small amounts of APP in PLA [ 19 , 70 , 71 ]. The partial solubility of APP in the polymer matrix is due to the low molecular weight of this compound.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial analysis of the HRR curve appearance indicates that the dynamics of the combustion process for most samples were very similar, which would suggest no significant differences in flammability. For other studies where phosphorous-based FR was used, the calorimetric measurements indicate a significant extension of the burning time of samples modified with APP at the same time the height of the HRR peak is reduced [ 66 , 71 , 88 , 89 ]. Regarding the PCFC measurements performed, the results are not conclusive and require additional calculations of the THR index, the changes of which slightly more clearly indicate the improvement of the results in the flammability tests.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a New Type of Flame Retarded Biocomposite Reinforced with a Biocarbon/Basalt Fiber System: A Comparative Study between Poly(lactic Acid) and Polypropylene

Andrzejewski

Michałowski

2022

Polymers

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A new type of partially biobased reinforcing filler system was developed in order to be used as a flame retardant for polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene (PP)-based composites. The prepared materials intended for injection technique processing were melt blended using the novel system containing ammonium polyphosphate (EX), biocarbon (BC), and basalt fibers (BF). All of the prepared samples were subjected to a detailed analysis. The main criterion was the flammability of composites. For PLA-based composites, the flammability was significantly reduced, up to V-0 class. The properties of PLA/EX/BC and PLA/EX/(BC-BF) composites were characterized by their improved mechanical properties. The conducted analysis indicates that the key factor supporting the effectiveness of EX flame retardants is the addition of BC, while the use of BF alone increases the flammability of the samples to the reference level. The results indicate that the developed materials can be easily applied in industrial practice as effective and sustainable flame retardants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New Type of Flame Retarded Biocomposite Reinforced with a Biocarbon/Basalt Fiber System: A Comparative Study between Poly(lactic Acid) and Polypropylene

Andrzejewski

Michałowski

2022

Polymers

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“…However, it is difficult for the APP to flow with the PLA matrix melt in the PLA/serpentine@APP sample. Meanwhile, it will accelerate the dehydration of the matrix, which is conducive to the rapid formation of a preliminary complete carbon layer after combustion, thereby reducing the contact with O 2 , promoting the incomplete combustion of the matrix, and increasing the content of C=O and C–O [ 35 ]. The high resolution of the P 2p spectrum in Figure 8 d further confirms the presence of phosphorus groups in PLA/serpentine@APP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assembled Serpentine Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 Hybrid Sheets with Ammonium Polyphosphate for Fire Safety Enhancement of Polylactide Composites

Huang

Tong

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Biodegradable polylactide (PLA) has been widely utilized in people’s daily lives. In order to improve the fire safety of PLA, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was self-assembled onto the surface of serpentine Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 through the electrostatic method, followed by mixing with PLA by melt compounding. The APP-modified serpentine (serpentine@APP) dispersed uniformly in the PLA matrix. Compared with pure PLA, the PLA composite with 2 wt% serpentine@APP reduced the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) by 43.9% and 16.3%, respectively. The combination of APP and serpentine exhibited suitable synergistic flame-retardant effects on the fire safety enhancement of PLA. In addition, the dynamical rheological tests revealed that the presence of APP and serpentine could reduce the viscosity of PLA composites. The plasticizing effects of APP and serpentine benefited the processing of PLA. The mechanical properties of PLA/serpentine@APP maintained suitable performance as pure PLA. This study provided a feasible way to enhance the fire safety of PLA without sacrificing its mechanical properties.

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“…43 The decrease of C O absorption peaks indicates the increased carbonization degree of the composites. 44 The IR spectra of UPR-0 illustrated in Figure 6A shows that the gradual decrease of the C O absorption peaks and the aromatic ring absorption peaks with increasing temperature represents the carbonization process of the polymers. Figure 6B shows that the addition of APP alters the IR spectra of UPR-1.…”

Section: Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquids modified MXene as a flame retardant synergist for the unsaturated polyester resin

Gao,

Wang,

Gao

et al. 2023

Vinyl Additive Technology

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I‐MXene with excellent dispersibility was successfully prepared using the chemical grafting method with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) onto MXene. It was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which was added to unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) as a synergistic agent, combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to improve the flame retardancy of composites. Tensile strength of the composites was measured using the electronic universal material testing machine. The results showed that the incorporation of I‐MXene was able to increase the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites. The flame retardancy and thermal stability of the composites were investigated through limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT), TG and Fourier‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The experimental data showed that the LOI values of I‐MXene/APP/UPR composites increased to 29.1%, complying with UL‐94V‐0 rating. Its peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) were 19.35% and 16.35% lower than those of APP/UPR composites, and the total smoke production (TSP) was reduced by 10.78%. When heated to 800°C, the amount of residual carbon increased by 7.71%. The catalytic effect of I‐MXene contributed to the formation of a compact and expanded carbon layer, resulting in further suppression of heat and smoke release.Highlights A new type of modified MXene is obtained. It has good dispersivity and synergistic effects. It has good flame retardancy and smoke suppression effects.

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Dual effect of dynamic vulcanization of biobased unsaturated polyester: Simultaneously enhance the toughness and fire safety of Poly(lactic acid)

Cited by 40 publications

References 50 publications

Development of a New Type of Flame Retarded Biocomposite Reinforced with a Biocarbon/Basalt Fiber System: A Comparative Study between Poly(lactic Acid) and Polypropylene

Development of a New Type of Flame Retarded Biocomposite Reinforced with a Biocarbon/Basalt Fiber System: A Comparative Study between Poly(lactic Acid) and Polypropylene

Self-Assembled Serpentine Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 Hybrid Sheets with Ammonium Polyphosphate for Fire Safety Enhancement of Polylactide Composites

Ionic liquids modified MXene as a flame retardant synergist for the unsaturated polyester resin

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