Dual Drug Release from Gelatin/PLGA Core–Shell Fibers for Diabetic Neuropathic Wound Healing

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting many people around the world. One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), which affects about 10-26% of diabetic patients. In this research, the gelatin/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) core-shell fibers containing gabapentin (GBP) and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CipHCl) are fabricated via coaxial electrospinning for healing of diabetic neuropathic wounds. The core-shell structure of fibers is confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is utilized to explore the morphology of core-shell fibers, revealing the smaller diameter for core-shell fibers containing CipHCl and GBP compared to the core-shell fibers without the drugs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) represents the amorphous distribution of drugs inside the core-shell fibers, which is also confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Core-shell fibers containing CipHCl and GBP show strong antimicrobial properties against both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The in vitro drug release studies demonstrate the sustained release of CipHCl and GBP within 64 days from the core-shell fibers. In conclusion, the fabricated core-shell fibers show a great promise to be utilized as an efficient dressing for diabetic neuropathic wounds.

Tuning the Drug Release from Antibacterial Polycaprolactone/Rifampicin-Based Core–Shell Electrospun Membranes: A Proof of Concept

“…The use of coaxial structures should be greatly advantageous in the attempt to tune drug release in time. Therefore, numerous studies have been focused on the use of coaxial fibers for drug loading and release, often including bioactive substances into the core layer, thus allowing a combined effect of protection and prolonged action in time. − Other studies focused on the production of coaxial membranes as dual drug delivery systems, to allow a dual-stage release of the same drugs or to modulate and combine the release of different bioactive components. ,− In this study, the antibiotic drug was alternatively loaded inside or on the outside of the fiber, with the purpose of evaluating how rifampicin allocation affects its release and antibacterial effects. A further control was given by the rifampicin-loaded non-coaxial structures, which revealed a high release in a short time, with respect to both types of coaxial fibers.…”

“… 111 − 115 Other studies focused on the production of coaxial membranes as dual drug delivery systems, to allow a dual-stage release of the same drugs or to modulate and combine the release of different bioactive components. 48 , 116 − 118 In this study, the antibiotic drug was alternatively loaded inside or on the outside of the fiber, with the purpose of evaluating how rifampicin allocation affects its release and antibacterial effects. A further control was given by the rifampicin-loaded non-coaxial structures, which revealed a high release in a short time, with respect to both types of coaxial fibers.…”

Advances in the Preparation of Nanofiber Dressings by Electrospinning for Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing

“…(1) Load the drug into the core layer, and effectively protect the drug from the influence of the external environment through the shell layer [ 94 ]. (2) The composition and thickness of the core-sheath layer fibers are adjusted to achieve the function of controlling the slow release of the drug [ 95 ]. (3) To prepare a multi-stage multi-effect drug-release system by encapsulating different drug molecules in the core-sheath layer separately [ 96 ].…”

“…Gabapentin (GBP) is an antiepileptic drug that effectively reduces neuropathic pain with minimal side effects [ 160 ]. Mostofizadeh et al [ 95 ], employed coaxial electrospinning to prepare gelatin/PLGA-doped gabapentin and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride core-shell fiber. GBP in the shell is released particularly rapidly in the early stages of drug release, which facilitates the mitigation of acute neuropathic pain in diabetic wounds.…”

Electrospun Nano‐CaO2/Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Nanofibers and Their Wound Healing Application through In Situ Supplying H2O2

“…[ 35–37 ] Besides, polymers in the forms of solution, nanosuspension, emulsion, and melt can be effectively fabricated into multifunctionalized nanofibers through advanced electrospinning technology. [ 38–41 ]…”