Phase-changing
nanodroplets have been studied as externally activatable
in situ microbubble precursors. The nanodroplets can be triggered
to vaporize with an external optical or acoustic energy source, and
the resulting microbubbles can be visualized with high sensitivity
using ultrasound imaging. Because of their nanoscale size, this type
of construct is attractive for the encapsulation and on-site, on-demand
release of therapeutics. Here, we develop a double-drug loaded nanodroplet
platform that can coencapsulate paclitaxel and doxorubicin, and release
them upon external laser activation. Nanodroplets are characterized
in terms of size, stability, protein interaction, and drug release.
Their capacity to concurrently release the two drugs and generate
ultrasound contrast is demonstrated in vitro. The efficacy of dual-drug
loaded nanodroplets is compared in vitro with that of free drug formulations,
and potential mechanisms of their enhanced cytotoxic behavior are
explored. Overall, the results show that the nanodroplets are a versatile
platform for on-demand image-guided drug delivery.