Dual-doping NiMoO4 with multi-channel structure enable urea-assisted energy-saving H2 production at large current density in alkaline seawater

Synergistic effects boosting hydrogen evolution performance of transition metal oxides at ultralow Ru loading levels

“…36 The fitted curve of Mo 3d spectrum was deconvoluted into 232.16 eV and 235.28 eV, which corresponded to Mo 6+ . 28,34,37 The binding energy of Ru 3p 3/2 and 3p 1/2 were located 463.39 eV and 485.62 eV. 14,23 Meanwhile, the high-resolution XPS spectra of Ru 3d and C 1s, the peaks with the energy of 284.75 eV and 281.18 eV could be assigned to Ru 3d 3/2 and Ru 3d 5/2 , 35,38 indicating that Ru have been successfully incorporated into NiMoO 4 –NF products.…”

Recent advances in direct seawater splitting for producing hydrogen

“…8(g) and (h)). 74 The optimized Ru/P-NiMoO 4 @NF achieved a low overpotential of 230 mV at the high current density of 3 A cm À2 for HER, and 1.46 V at 1 A cm À2 for UOR. In the two-electrode system, the voltage for overall urea splitting (OUS) at a current density of 500 mA cm À2 is only 1.73 V and it can operate stably for 145 h without performance degradation at 100 mA cm À2 (Fig.…”

Principles of Designing Electrocatalyst to Boost Reactivity for Seawater Splitting

“…Modulating dimensionality of catalysts, such as constructing 0D single atoms [49][50][51] and ultrasmall nanoparticles, [52,53] 1D nanowires, [54] nanorods, [55,56] and nanotubes, [57] 2D nanosheets, [58] and 3D porous framework, [59,60] has been widely researched as efficient strategy to alter the activity for seawater electrolysis either for HER or OER. Compared with the bulk structure, electrocatalysts with unique dimensionality displays exceptional advantages, such as high specific surface areas, variable chemical/physical properties, and short paths for electron transport.…”

“…For instance, our group reported a Ru, P co‐doped NiMoO 4 (Ru/P‐NiMoO 4 @NF) with multichannel nanorod structure for chlorine‐free hydrogen production. [ 55 ] As shown in Figure 12k,l, the as‐prepared Ru/P‐NiMoO 4 @NF needed the working potential of only 1.47 V to drive 1000 mA cm −2 for urea oxidation reaction (UOR), which guarantee the cathodic HER at large current density simultaneously far from the potential of ClOR at anode. As a result, by using the as‐prepared Ru/P‐NiMoO 4 as cathode and anode in a two‐electrode system for overall urea splitting (OUS) in seawater, low voltage of only 1.73 V was needed to drive 500 mA (Figure 12m).…”