Dual-Comb Ranging

Zhu, Zebin; Wu, Guanhao

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2018.10.002

Cited by 101 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Interferometric measurements of this kind have demonstrated 10 nm resolution for averaging times of~60 ms, and nanometer-level precision with longer averaging over second timescales 132,133 . Finally, the combination of short pulses, and a phase-stabilized optical spectrum has allowed for demonstrations of comb-based distance measurements at kilohertz measurement rates and sub-micrometer ranging precision, while simultaneously enabling unambiguous range measurement to targets at meter to kilometer distances 132,134,135 . The largest drawback of using OFCs directly for ranging is their high cost and high system complexity.…”

Section: Ofc Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

2019

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Optical frequency combs were developed nearly two decades ago to support the world's most precise atomic clocks. Acting as precision optical synthesizers, frequency combs enable the precise transfer of phase and frequency information from a high-stability reference to hundreds of thousands of tones in the optical domain. This versatility, coupled with nearcontinuous spectroscopic coverage from microwave frequencies to the extreme ultraviolet , has enabled precision measurement capabilities in both fundamental and applied contexts. This review takes a tutorial approach to illustrate how 20 years of source development and technology has facilitated the journey of optical frequency combs from the lab into the field. T he optical frequency comb (OFC) was originally developed to count the cycles from optical atomic clocks. Atoms make ideal frequency references because they are identical, and hence reproducible, with discrete and well-defined energy levels that are dominated by strong internal forces that naturally isolate them from external perturbations. Consequently, in 1967 the international standard unit of time, the SI second was redefined as 9,192,631,770 oscillations between two hyper-fine states in 133 Cs 1. While 133 Cs microwave clocks provide an astounding 16 digits in frequency/time accuracy, clocks based on optical transitions in atoms are being explored as alternative references because higher transition frequencies permit greater than a 100 times improvement in time/frequency resolution (see "Timing, synchronization, and atomic clock networks"). Optical signals, however, pose a significant measurement challenge because light frequencies oscillate 100,000 times faster than state-of-the-art digital electronics. Prior to 2000, the simplest method to access an optical frequency was via knowledge of the speed of light and measurement of its wavelength, accessible with relatively poor precision of parts in 10 7 using an optical wavemeter. For precision measurements seeking resolutions better than that offered by wavelength standards, large-scale frequency chains were used to connect the microwave definition of the Hertz, provided by the 133 Cs primary frequency reference near 9.2 GHz, to the optical domain via a series of multiplied and phase-locked oscillators 2. The most complicated of these systems required up to 10 scientists, 20 different oscillators and 50 feedback loops to perform a single optical measurement 3. Because of the complexity, frequency multiplication chains yielded one to two precision optical frequency measurements per year. In 2000, the realization of the OFC allowed for the replacement of these complex frequency chains with a

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Section: Ofc Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

2019

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“…Moreover, the integration of the optical part in a photonic circuit would make the solution more cost-efficient and would significantly reduce the footprint of the system. Finally, our dual-comb system could be extended to applications other than spectroscopy, such as laser ranging, in which reducing the comb spacing provides a longer ambiguity range [49].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gain-switched semiconductor lasers with pulsed excitation and optical injection for dual-comb spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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In this work we demonstrate the capability of two gain-switched optically injected semiconductor lasers to perform high-resolution dual-comb spectroscopy. The use of low duty cycle pulse trains to gain switch the lasers, combined with optical injection, allows us to obtain flat-topped optical frequency combs with 350 optical lines (within 10 dB) spaced by 100 MHz. These frequency combs significantly improve the spectral resolution reported so far on dual-comb spectroscopy with gain-switched laser diodes. We evaluate the performance of our system by measuring the transmission profile of an absorption line of H 13 CN at the C-band, analyzing the attainable signal-to-noise ratio for a range of averaging times.

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“…DCS introduces a second local oscillator (LO) comb with slightly different repetition frequency difference to replace the dispersion device in VIPA or mechanical scanning components in FTS. Due to the unique capability of obtaining high resolution, high sensitivity, broad spectral range, and fast measurement speed simultaneously, DCS has drawn considerable attention since its first implementation [ 12 ] and brought significant improvement for applications such as molecular absorption spectroscopy [ 13 ], coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy [ 14 ], multidimensional spectroscopy [ 15 ], time-resolved spectroscopy [ 16 ], ellipsometry [ 17 ], strain sensors [ 18 ], hyperspectral imaging [ 19 ], and ranging [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Resolution of Dual-Comb Gas Detection Using Periodic Spectrum Alignment Method

Zhou

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Dual-comb spectroscopy has been an infusive spectroscopic tool for gas detection due to its high resolution, high sensitivity, and fast acquisition speed over a broad spectral range without any mechanical scanning components. However, the complexity and cost of high-performance dual-comb spectroscopy are still high for field-deployed applications. To solve this problem, we propose a simple frequency domain post-processing method by extracting the accurate position of a specific absorption line frame by frame. After aligning real-time spectra and averaging for one second, the absorbance spectrum of H13C14N gas in the near-infrared is obtained over 1.1 THz spectral range. By using this method, the standard deviation of residual error is only ~0.002, showing great agreement with the conventional correction method. In addition, the spectral resolution is improved from 13.4 GHz to 4.3 GHz compared to direct spectrum averaging. Our method does not require a specially designed common-mode suppression comb, rigorous frequency control system, or complicated computational algorithm, providing a cost-effective scheme for field-deployed Doppler-limited spectroscopy applications.

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Dual-Comb Ranging

Cited by 101 publications

References 73 publications

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

Gain-switched semiconductor lasers with pulsed excitation and optical injection for dual-comb spectroscopy

Improving Resolution of Dual-Comb Gas Detection Using Periodic Spectrum Alignment Method

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