“…Pyrophosphate (PPi), a dimeric form of inorganic phosphate (Pi), is an important biological anion that plays significant roles in various fundamental physiological processes, such as cellular metabolism, ATP hydrolysis, and RNA and DNA polymerizations. , It is well-known that the prevalence of pyrophosphate arthropathy including chondrocalcinosis or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease increases with aging owing to the significant increase of PPi concentration in synovial fluid . In addition, the levels of PPi in cells have become a potential indicator for early diagnosis of cancer, , and it is also used as an additive in toothpaste, detergents, baking powder, and food. , Therefore, the detection of PPi with high sensitivity and high selectivity is still urgently needed. Until now, different approaches including fluorescence and electrochemistry methods have been the commonly used methods. − However, these methods are laborious, operationally cumbersome, and insufficient in real-time measurement.…”