Dual-Cation Interpenetrating Polymer Network Anion Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cells and Water Electrolyzers

Zeng, Lingping; Ma, Xiaoxun; He, Qian; Zhang, Ling; Wang, Jianchuan; Wei, Yuan

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02600

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The long-term alkaline stability of AEM is one of the major issues that needs attention in its application in fuel cells because the strong nucleophilicity of OH – will promote the degradation of cationic groups in it. For example, quaternary amine groups will undergo degradation reactions such as carbon affinity substitution, Hoffman elimination, and formation of nitrogen ylides, − thereby losing the ability to transfer OH – . Therefore, alkali resistance is one of the most essential factors in determining the operational life of AEMs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tripartite Cationic Interpenetrating Polymer Network Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

Zhao

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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To facilitate large-scale commercial applications of anion exchange membrane fuel cells, high ionic conductivity and long-term durability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are crucial. Herein, poly(styrene-co-4-vinylbenzyl chloride) (PSVBC) without aryl ether linkages was synthesized by the radical bulk polymerization using styrene (St) and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) as monomers. Then, using PSVBC as the framework material and secondary anion carrier, and polyquaternium-10 (PQ 10 ) as the main anion carrier, the tripartite cationic full-interpenetrating polymer network (F-IPN QPSVBC-PQ 10 ) AEMs were fabricated by the chemical crosslinking method. Upon preparation, the AEMs with distinctive nano-sized microphase separation can maintain a suitable swelling capability, assuring stable mechanical properties, dimensional stability, alkaline stability, and oxidation resistance, surpassing their semi-interpenetrating polymer network QPSVBC-PQ 10 AEM counterpart. Specifically, the ionic conductivity and peak power density of the optimally formulated AEM were 81.89 mS/cm and 119.31 mW/cm 2 , respectively. Meanwhile, 91.06% of the initial mass and 88.37% of the original ionic conductivity were maintained after successive 10-day oxidation test and 30-day alkali resistance test. In summary, the unique design of tripartite cationic F-IPN QPSVBC-PQ 10 AEMs without aryl ether linkages is undoubtedly beneficial to further promote the development of high-performance anion exchange membranes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tripartite Cationic Interpenetrating Polymer Network Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

Zhao

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Because advanced AEMs have been reported in recent years, the peak power density of AEMFCs has exceeded 1000 mW/cm 2 , such as fluoropoly(olefin)-based AEMs of Hickner’s group, QAPPT-based AEMs of Zhuang’s group, PAP-based AEMs of Yan’s group, PDTP-basd AEMs of Lee’s group, and norbornene-based AEMs of Kohl’s group . However, as shown in Table , sc DQPPO-40 shows competitive fuel cell performance in PPO-based AEMs. ,,,,− In fact, in addition to AEMs, there are many other factors that affect AEMFCs performance, such as MEA preparation technology and fuel cell operation conditions. Following work will be focused on how to improve the performance and long-term stability of AEMFCs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(phenylene oxide)-Based Anion Exchange Membranes Having Linear Cross-Linkers or Star Cross-Linkers

Han

Zhang

Kang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Linear cross-linked and star cross-linked anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are reported in this work, namely, lcQPPO (linear cross-linked quaternized poly(2,4-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO)) and scDQPPO (star cross-linked quaternized PPO) . Compared with original quarternized PPO (QPPO), cross-linked AEMs show a restrained swelling degree. But, due to the hindrance of a cross-linking polymer matrix, lcQPPO membranes show decreased ionic conductivity. For scDQPPO, its wide and connective ion channels are beneficial to the conduction of OH–, exhibiting increased ionic conductivity. Besides, the aggregated and cross-linked polymer networks in scDQPPO enhance the chemical stability and mechanical properties of the AEMs. Specifically, for scDQPPO-40, a high OH– conductivity of 100.7 mS cm–1 and a low swelling degree of 20.7% are achieved at 80 °C. The tensile strength and elongation at break of wet scDQPPO-40 at 25 °C are 16.7 MPa and 18.0%. After immersing in 1 M NaOH at 80 °C for 30 days, the loss of ionic conductivity and weight for scDQPPO-40 is 24.2 and 14.8%, with the degradation of tensile strength and elongation at break of 22.2% and 26.7%, respectively. On the basis of the membrane, a fuel cell performance of 0.577 W cm–2 is demonstrated at 60 °C, while, for QPPO-40 and lcQPPO-60, their fuel cell peak power densities are only 0.250 and 0.215 W cm–2.

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“…However, additional research is needed to understand the relationships between/among microphase separation, polymer morphology, and the resulting APE performance. Techniques including multiblock copolymer synthesis, , interpenetrating networks, or adjusting the linker length between the backbone and the cation have been employed to achieve specific polymer morphologies in APEs. While the physical properties of APEs must be considered to ensure good film formation and mechanical integrity, the chemical stability of the polymer backbone under alkaline and oxidative conditions is crucial for the successful implementation of AEMWEs.…”

Section: Aemwe Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis: The Future of Green Hydrogen

Villarino

Peltier

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Hydrogen-derived power is one of the most promising components of a fossil fuel-independent future when deployed with green and renewable primary energy sources. Energy from the sun, wind, waves/tidal, and other emissions-free sources can power water electrolyzers (WEs), devices that can produce green hydrogen without carbon emissions. According to recent International Renewable Energy Agency reports, most WEs employed in the industry are currently alkaline water electrolyzers and proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), with ∼200 and ∼70 years of commercialization history, respectively. The former suffers from inherently limited current densities due to inevitable gas crossover, operates using corrosive (7 M) alkaline solutions, and requires large installation footprints, while the latter requires expensive and scarce precious metal-based electrocatalysts. An emerging technology, the anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE), seeks to combine the benefits of both into one device while overcoming the limitations of each. AEMWEs afford higher operating current densities and pressures, similar Faradaic efficiencies when compared to PEMWEs (>90%), rapid ramping/load-following responsiveness, and the use of non-noble metal catalysts and pure water feed. While recent reports show promising device performance, close to 3 A/cm 2 for AEMWEs with 1 M KOH or pure water feed, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that govern device performance and stability is required for the technology to compete and flourish. Herein, we briefly discuss the fundamentals of AEMWEs in terms of device components, catalysts, membranes, and long-term stability/durability. We provide our perspective on where the field is going and offer our opinion on how specific performance and stability tests should be performed to facilitate the development of the field.

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Dual-Cation Interpenetrating Polymer Network Anion Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cells and Water Electrolyzers

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Tripartite Cationic Interpenetrating Polymer Network Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

Tripartite Cationic Interpenetrating Polymer Network Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

Poly(phenylene oxide)-Based Anion Exchange Membranes Having Linear Cross-Linkers or Star Cross-Linkers

Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis: The Future of Green Hydrogen

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