Dual-band wearable fluidic antenna with metasurface embedded in a PDMS substrate

Ramli, Muhammad Nazrin; Soh, Ping Jack; Jamlos, Mohd Faizal; Lago, Herwansyah; Aziz, Norazizan Mohd; Al‐Hadi, Azremi Abdullah

doi:10.1007/s00339-017-0754-3

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Physical dimension comparison in terms of wavelength at the lowest operating frequency with antennas in the literature indicated that the proposed antenna featured a more compact size relative to [27] and [29]. Besides that, the gain obtained by the proposed antenna is also improved compared with those presented in [27], [28], [29], [30], and [31] at 5.8 GHz. Moreover, the obtained FBR in this work is also improved compared with [28] and [29].…”

Section: Design 3: Crown-shaped Patch With Amc Planementioning

confidence: 79%

Gain Optimization of Low-Profile Textile Antennas Using CMA and Active Mode Subtraction Method

et al. 2021

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This paper presents an active mode subtraction method based on the characteristic mode analysis to estimate the forward directivity based on the difference in modal significance curves. This made the optimization of the antenna gain in the design process to be more efficient. To the best of the authors' knowledge, such method is innovative and proposed in literature for the first time. This method is derived on the basis that the total radiated field of the antenna, and consequently, the directivity is mainly contributed by the excited dominant modes. To demonstrate its effectiveness, three compact, planar, and wearable antennas with increasing complexity will be designed and optimized using this method. The first is a conventional circular patch antenna operating at 5.3 GHz, whereas the second one is a planar loop antenna operating at 3.08 GHz. The third design is a crown-shaped planar antenna (CPA) with a 3 × 3 artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) plane integrated underneath to reduce potential coupling effects from the body. All three antennas are made fully using textiles with the same thicknesses: felt fabric as its substrate and ShieldIt Super as its conductive textile. For all designs, the use of the proposed method, which is validated using the method of moments, has predicted the maximum direction of radiation and its respective gain at the desired frequencies with good accuracy. Besides that, the design of the AMC plane for the CPA is also optimized using CMA prior to the integration with the antenna and a leather wrist strap. Measurements of the final crown-shaped antenna design indicated a good agreement with simulations, with an operating bandwidth of more than 240 MHz, FBR of 15.73 dB and a directional radiation pattern outward from the body.

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Section: Design 3: Crown-shaped Patch With Amc Planementioning

confidence: 79%

Gain Optimization of Low-Profile Textile Antennas Using CMA and Active Mode Subtraction Method

et al. 2021

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“…Finally, a full ground plane formed using a 0.035 mm thick copper foil covers the bottom-most layer [5]. The overall size of this structure is 147 x 147 x 6.035 mm 3 .…”

Section: Materials and Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to ensure that the antenna maintains a low profile characteristic, it is essential that the reflector is located as close as possible to the radiator. One of the structures which serves this purpose is metasurfaces such as artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) [3,4,5]. This is also to enable its safe operating condition for such wearable devices when operating on body, which is characterized by its Specific Absorption Rate (SAR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAR for wearable antennas with AMC made using PDMS and textiles

Ramli

Soh

Rahim

et al. 2017

2017 XXXIInd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS)

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Besides the radiation and reflection performance of wearable antennas, arguably one of the most important parameters is their Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). This work aims to evaluate SAR for wearable antennas integrated with Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) plane made using different material categoriestextiles and a flexible polymer,. Two types of textiles, felt and ShieldIt Super are used to build the first, textile-based antenna, while polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the fluidic metal eutectic gallium indium alloy (EGaIn) are used to build the second, polymer-based antenna. Both materials are chosen due to their flexibility conformity to the human body, thus providing comfort to users. Despite the SAR for both antenna types did not exceed the European regulatory limits of 2 W/kg averaged over 10g of tissues; there are considerable differences between them.

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“…Despite being achievable using RF switches, the reconfigurability feature in antennas can also be implemented using conductive fluids such as liquid metal (LM), ionized water, and dielectric fluids such as ethyl acetate and deionized (DI) water. The use of liquid enables the antennas to be more conveniently implemented on flexible materials and consequently, combined with other sensing functionalities for wireless communication [ 12 ]. The prospect of implementing such reconfigurable antenna designs is further accelerated with the recent introduction of liquid metals such as Galinstan and EGaIn [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Technology: Recent Developments, Challenges and Future

Bakar

Rahim

Soh

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Advances in reconfigurable liquid-based reconfigurable antennas are enabling new possibilities to fulfil the requirements of more advanced wireless communication systems. In this review, a comparative analysis of various state-of-the-art concepts and techniques for designing reconfigurable antennas using liquid is presented. First, the electrical properties of different liquids at room temperature commonly used in reconfigurable antennas are identified. This is followed by a discussion of various liquid actuation techniques in enabling high frequency reconfigurability. Next, the liquid-based reconfigurable antennas in literature used to achieve the different types of reconfiguration will be critically reviewed. These include frequency-, polarization-, radiation pattern-, and compound reconfigurability. The current concepts of liquid-based reconfigurable antennas can be classified broadly into three basic approaches: altering the physical (and electrical) dimensions of antennas using liquid; applying liquid-based sections as reactive loads; implementation of liquids as dielectric resonators. Each concept and their design approaches will be examined, outlining their benefits, limitations, and possible future improvements.

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Dual-band wearable fluidic antenna with metasurface embedded in a PDMS substrate

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Gain Optimization of Low-Profile Textile Antennas Using CMA and Active Mode Subtraction Method

Gain Optimization of Low-Profile Textile Antennas Using CMA and Active Mode Subtraction Method

SAR for wearable antennas with AMC made using PDMS and textiles

Liquid-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Technology: Recent Developments, Challenges and Future

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