Dual‐band compact split‐ring resonator‐shaped fractal antenna with defected ground plane for sub‐6‐GHz 5G and global system for mobile communication applications

Abstract

Summary In this article, a split‐ring resonator‐inspired fractal antenna for the GSM and sub‐6‐GHz 5G applications is presented. The antenna geometry uses a combination of square‐shaped split‐ring resonators arranged in a Sierpinski fractal arrangement that is realized on a low‐cost FR4 substrate. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 0.35λ × 0.35λ mm2 (lowest frequency). The antenna resonates at a dual‐frequency band spanning from 1.75 to 2.0 (13.36%) and 3.01 to 4.18 GHz (33.42%) with a peak gain of 1.5 and 2.05 dBi at respective resonant peaks that correlate satisfactorily with the measured values. The proposed antenna uses Sierpinski fractal geometry on the top and the partial ground plane at the back with dipole‐shaped radiation patterns, and an efficiency of around 80% makes the antenna commercially suited for the GSM and sub‐6‐GHz 5G communication applications.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI-BAND COMPACT MICROSTRIP ANTENNA IN GSM1900/WLAN/WiMAX/DSRC/X-BAND FREQUENCY BANDS FOR VEHICLE APPLICATIONS

“…Only reference [20] is equal to the recommended antenna, but its size and gain are smaller than recommended. In addition, in terms of gain, the proposed antenna is higher than the ref [19][20][21][22]24] antennas and is close to the gain of the reference [23] antenna. From Table 2, it is evident that the quad-band antenna provides decent gains in a simple structure with a small size for vehicle communication in GSM 1.900 GHz, WiMAX 3.5/5.5 GHz, WLAN 5.2/5.8 GHz, DSRC 5.9 GHz, and X-band applications.…”

Equivalent circuit model‐based design and analysis of microstrip line fed electrically small patch antenna for sub‐6 GHz 5G applications

“…However, the small deviation of 2.12 dB between simulated and theoretical, 0.11 dB between theoretical and measured, and 2.01 dB between measured and simulated is also observed in return losses. This mismatch is due to defect occurred in soldering of feed point with SMA connector and etching process 36,37 …”

A Microstrip Antenna Using I-Shaped Metamaterial Superstrate with Enhanced Gain for Multiband Wireless Systems

“…A multiband antenna with metamaterial was proposed in [ 27 ] for WiMax/WLAN applications. A dual-band compact SRR shaped antenna was proposed and investigated in [ 28 ]. The antenna has frequency bands of 1.75–2 GHz and 3.01–4.18 GHz with the realized gain of 1.5 dBi and 2.05 dBi, respectively.…”

“…This research work builds on our initial design in [ 30 ] and incorporates a significantly improved design. Considering the reduction in the operating frequency band reported in [ 16 ], low gain in some antennas such as in [ 21 , 23 , 28 ], and low gain enhancement reported in [ 22 , 30 ], this work aims to provide a robust approach to tackle these limitations. The uniqueness of this work lies in the design of the proposed I-shaped MTM array superstrate utilized by the proposed antenna for multi-band applications.…”