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Based on the simplicity of the design method, this paper presents a new approach for developing matched subbands when splitting two mismatched dual-wideband bandpass filters (BPFs) for the fifth generation (5G), wireless access systems (WAS), wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), wireless local area network (WLAN), radar, and other communication devices. The method’s novelty involves using identical quarter-wavelength resonators terminated by alternated short-and-open stub configurations. Both configurations alternate and describe a perfect symmetry by their location from each other to make the subbands possible in the low-frequency and its harmonic (high-frequency) bandwidths (BW). A stub admittance Y 1 is defined and associated with the mainline section characteristic impedance Z 0 and an operating frequency f 0 . A quality factor Q a p is connected to Y 1 and f 0 to approach the BPF global quality factor Q g initially fixed. The stub characteristic impedance and the mainline one differ, while electric lengths (stub and mainline section) are identical. Using the operating frequency determines physical dimensions, creates harmonic frequencies and the rejected BW, mismatches the main frequency BW, matches the subbands, and creates transmission zero (TZ). Hence, a 28.118-dB stopband that separates the two bandpasses at 9.373 GHz is made. At the same time, the unmatched dual ultrawideband (UWB) covers a large panel of communication systems. The lowest (3.146–5.431) and highest (11.891–14.749) GHz BW exhibit a minimum insertion loss (IL) of 0.656 dB and 3.027 dB. The subbands return losses (RL) are better than 28 dB and 19 dB, respectively, and a flat group delay of 0.205 ns is obtained in the upper band. All subbands adaptation methodology is read from 10 dB of the RL. In that case, the four matched subbands in its lower wideband are 3.327–3.709 GHz and 4.442–5.048 GHz, and in its higher wideband are 11.922–12.486 GHz and 14.281–14.653 GHz. The 2275/2858 MHz is the dual-wideband with a fractional BW 53.282/21.456%. The fabricated prototype has validated the EM-simulations, and Anritsu MS4642B 20 GHz vector network analyzer (VNA) has been used for experimental results by scanning the frequency range 3 GHz–15 GHz. The tested prototype is made with a 1 mm FR4 HTG-175 thickness by considering a dielectric constant of 4.4, and its overall size occupies 22.45 × 5.72 m m 2 ( 0.32 λ 0 × 0.082 λ 0 mm 2 ).
Based on the simplicity of the design method, this paper presents a new approach for developing matched subbands when splitting two mismatched dual-wideband bandpass filters (BPFs) for the fifth generation (5G), wireless access systems (WAS), wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), wireless local area network (WLAN), radar, and other communication devices. The method’s novelty involves using identical quarter-wavelength resonators terminated by alternated short-and-open stub configurations. Both configurations alternate and describe a perfect symmetry by their location from each other to make the subbands possible in the low-frequency and its harmonic (high-frequency) bandwidths (BW). A stub admittance Y 1 is defined and associated with the mainline section characteristic impedance Z 0 and an operating frequency f 0 . A quality factor Q a p is connected to Y 1 and f 0 to approach the BPF global quality factor Q g initially fixed. The stub characteristic impedance and the mainline one differ, while electric lengths (stub and mainline section) are identical. Using the operating frequency determines physical dimensions, creates harmonic frequencies and the rejected BW, mismatches the main frequency BW, matches the subbands, and creates transmission zero (TZ). Hence, a 28.118-dB stopband that separates the two bandpasses at 9.373 GHz is made. At the same time, the unmatched dual ultrawideband (UWB) covers a large panel of communication systems. The lowest (3.146–5.431) and highest (11.891–14.749) GHz BW exhibit a minimum insertion loss (IL) of 0.656 dB and 3.027 dB. The subbands return losses (RL) are better than 28 dB and 19 dB, respectively, and a flat group delay of 0.205 ns is obtained in the upper band. All subbands adaptation methodology is read from 10 dB of the RL. In that case, the four matched subbands in its lower wideband are 3.327–3.709 GHz and 4.442–5.048 GHz, and in its higher wideband are 11.922–12.486 GHz and 14.281–14.653 GHz. The 2275/2858 MHz is the dual-wideband with a fractional BW 53.282/21.456%. The fabricated prototype has validated the EM-simulations, and Anritsu MS4642B 20 GHz vector network analyzer (VNA) has been used for experimental results by scanning the frequency range 3 GHz–15 GHz. The tested prototype is made with a 1 mm FR4 HTG-175 thickness by considering a dielectric constant of 4.4, and its overall size occupies 22.45 × 5.72 m m 2 ( 0.32 λ 0 × 0.082 λ 0 mm 2 ).
Abstract2D materials and their composites with electromagnetic properties are becoming increasingly popular. Obtaining insight into the nature of electromagnetic (EM) response manipulation is imperative to guide scientific research and technological exploitation at such a critical time. From this perspective, the dielectric genes of 2D material hybrids have been highlighted based on the recent literature. This endows an unlimited possibility of manipulating the EM response, even at elevated temperatures. The definitions and criteria of dielectric genes toward 2D material hybrids and composites are systematically clarified and summarized. The dielectric gene categories are successfully discriminated, including the conduction networks, intrinsic defects, impurity defects, and interfaces in the composite, and their temperature evolution is revealed in detail. More importantly, tuning strategies for microwave absorption, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, and expanded electromagnetic functions are thoroughly discussed. Finally, significant predictions are provided for multispectral electromagnetic functions, and future applications of multifunctional exploration are anticipated. Dielectric genes will open an unexpected horizon for advanced functional materials in the coming 5G/6G age, providing a significant boost to promoting environmental electromagnetic protection, electromagnetic devices, and next‐generation smart devices.
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