Dual‐band balanced‐to‐single‐ended crossover based on composite right‐ and left‐handed transmission lines

Bayat, Meysam; Shahi, Hamed; Mazloum, Jalil

doi:10.1049/el.2019.3612

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Impedances Z 1 = 76.9, Z 2 = 50, and Z 3 = 65 Ω are selected based on obtained equations from even-and odd-mode analysis. 35 The optimized dimensions using ADS software for fixing the frequencies are; W 1 = 0.5, Mixed-mode S-parameters are conducted for simulation of the proposed DS crossover, because of using differential-to-single-ended configuration. By using a network analyzer (ROHDE and SCHORZ ZVA40), the fabricated dual-band DS crossover measurements results are collected over the frequency range from 0.5 to 6 GHz.…”

Section: Simulation and Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential‐to‐single‐ended crossover based on dumbbell‐shaped defected ground resonators for dual‐band applications

Shahi

Mazloum

Bayat

2021

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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This article presents a novel differential-to-single-ended (DS) crossover by using two rings included of controllable frequency ratio of composite rightand left-handed (CRLH) transmission lines for dual-band applications. To reject the out-of-band differential-mode transmission coefficient, two dumbbell-shaped defected ground resonators (DGRs) are utilized over the differential transmission lines. Theoretical analysis proves that the frequency ratio can be controlled by choosing the number of designing CRLH cells and the parameter values appropriately. Also, desired electrical lengths and impedances of DGRs were obtained at the bandstop notch of differential-mode transmission coefficient by conducting common-and differential-mode analysis of lumped element equivalent circuit. To validate the proposed structure, two fabricated prototypes including the DS crossover designing at 1.8 and 4.2 GHz and separate differential lines with embedded DGRs were fabricated and measured. Measurement mixed-mode results exhibit that the fabricated crossover has great results at both frequency bands and has a good out-of-band differential insertion loss rejection.

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Section: Simulation and Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are some out-of-band spurs rejections as a great out-of-band isolation in microwave components. [33][34][35] Up to now, there is not any article in designing the dual-band differential crossover with outof-band insertion loss rejection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential‐to‐single‐ended crossover based on dumbbell‐shaped defected ground resonators for dual‐band applications

Shahi

Mazloum

Bayat

2021

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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“…Derived from a standard patch structure, a cost-effective and straightforward dual-band crossover was proposed [89]. Another design method to develop a dual-band crossover is proposed in [90]. In this method, two CRLH-TLs that control frequency ratio were utilized to create a dual-band balanced structure, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Microwave Crossover (Co)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Butler Matrix From Components Design Evolution to System Integration for 5G Beamforming Applications: A Survey

et al. 2022

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Beamforming networks for multiple beam antennas are believed to be in the vanguard of technological developments in mmWave for 5G wireless applications. The basic idea of beamforming technique is the application of multiple antenna elements radiating the same signal at an identical phase and wavelength, into one strong signal pointed to a specific direction. For low cost and power consumption, radio frequency beamforming networks (RF-BFNs) such as Blass matrices, Butler matrices, and Nolen matrices will play a critical role in achieving the ever-increasing demands in wireless technology. Therefore, this study aims to present a comprehensive survey and developments of RF-BFNs with (particular focus in Butler matrices). From the fundamental perspectives of the beamforming techniques and progress over time, component evolution includes branch-line coupler (BLC), Phase shifter (PS), and Crossovers to complete system Butler matrix (BM) integration. Different design techniques to improve bandwidth, size reduction, multi-band, and other performance characteristics are discussed extensively. Furthermore, the paper also discusses different geometry of Butler matrices in open microstrip transmission lines, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and gap waveguide (GWG) technologies highlighting key developments and research challenges from single band to dual-band operations. We expect this paper to provide more profound insights into the designs processes and suggest suitable ways to facilitate further developments of RF-beamforming networks at mmWave and sub-mmWave frequency ranges.INDEX TERMS Beamforming networks (BFNs), Butler matrix (BM), fifth-generation (5G), metamaterial (MTM), millimetre-waves (mmWave), substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), gap waveguide (GWG), ridge gap waveguide (RGW), groove gap waveguide (GGW).

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“…A low-profile fractal antenna structure based on MTM array was developed for modern Wi-Fi systems [ 7 ]. In [ 8 ], a circularly polarized fractal patch of Koch-snowflake 1st iteration with ground plane MTM defects was proposed for 5G handsets at 3.5 GHz only [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Printed Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna Based on a Novel Metamaterial Structures for 5G Applications

Al-Hadeethi

Elwi²,

İbrahim

2023

Micromachines

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A novel antenna structure is constructed from cascading multi-stage metamaterial (MTM) unit cells-based printed monopole antenna for 5G mobile communication networks. The proposed antenna is constructed from a printed conductive trace that fetches four MTM unit cells through four T-Resonators (TR) structures. Such a combination is introduced to enhance the antenna gain-bandwidth products at sub-6GHz bands after exiting the antenna with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed. The antenna circuitry is fabricated by etching a copper layer that is mounted on Taconic RF-43 substrate. Therefore, the proposed antenna occupies an effective area of 51 × 24 mm2. The proposed antenna provides an acceptable matching impedance with S11 ≤ −10 dB at 3.7 GHz, 4.6 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.9 GHz. The antenna radiation patterns are evaluated at the frequency bands of interest with a gain average of 9.1–11.6 dBi. Later, to control the antenna performance, four optical switches based on LDR resistors are applied to control the antenna gain at 5.85 GHz, which is found to vary from 2 dBi to 11.6 dBi after varying the value of the LDR resistance from 700 Ω to 0 Ω, in descending manner. It is found that the proposed antenna provides an acceptable bit error rate (BER) with varying the antenna gain in a very acceptable manner in comparison to the ideal performance. Finally, the proposed antenna is fabricated to be tested experimentally in in free space and in close to the human body for portable applications.

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Dual‐band balanced‐to‐single‐ended crossover based on composite right‐ and left‐handed transmission lines

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Differential‐to‐single‐ended crossover based on dumbbell‐shaped defected ground resonators for dual‐band applications

Differential‐to‐single‐ended crossover based on dumbbell‐shaped defected ground resonators for dual‐band applications

Recent Developments of Butler Matrix From Components Design Evolution to System Integration for 5G Beamforming Applications: A Survey

A Printed Reconfigurable Monopole Antenna Based on a Novel Metamaterial Structures for 5G Applications

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