Dual-Band 4G Eyewear Antenna and SAR Implications

Cihangir, Aykut; Panagamuwa, Chinthana; Whittow, William G.; Jacquemod, G.; Gianesello, Frédéric; Pilard, Romain; Luxey, Cyril

doi:10.1109/tap.2017.2670562

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Eyewear Glasses [7][8][9][10] CE type antenna, SAR measurement was performed using the SAR probe (SAR 10 g ), Power input: 0.25 W,…”

Section: Applications Type Description Sar (W/kg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the studies for smart glasses are examined, effects of a mobile phone in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR) on the human head, with metallic [4][5][6] and plastic frameglasses [7][8][9][10][11], are investigated. Cihangir et al performed a study for effects of smart glasses with an integrated antenna operating at 4G and Wi-Fi communication on the human head in [7][8][9][10][11]. In their studies, SAR distribution on SAM and VH head phantom were analyzed, in which CE type antennas were placed in different areas of the head behind the ears.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Computational Analysis of the Effects of Tri-Band Antennas of Wearable Smart Glasses

Geyikoğlu¹,

Kaburcuk²,

Çavuşoğlu³

2019

PIER C

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The goal of this study is to analyze the effect of tri-band antennas in 2.45, 3.6, 3.8, 4.56, and 6 GHz frequencies, which cover Wi-Fi and some of the future 5G frequencies for wearable smart glasses applications. The latter 4 frequencies are studied for the first time for smart glasses. In order to provide a thorough analysis, first a simulation study for the head model with the proposed antennas is performed, then a realistic experiment by using a semi-liquid gel phantom head model with the infrared thermography method is conducted, and also 4 male subjects are included to analyze temperature rise effects on the skin. The phantom prepared for this study is also validated for its robustness and matching parameters. The SAR values and temperature rise due to the usage of smart glasses calculated by simulation modeling, bio-heat analytical solution, and infrared thermography technique are in good agreement. The temperature rise of the skin regions gets monotonically increased in the duration of usage. The simulations for all indicated frequencies are performed. Also, to provide comparable and practical results, the phantom study is compared with simulations for 2.45 GHz. According to the quantitative data obtained on the liquid-gel head phantom and on the subjects, the temperature increase is below 1 • C, and its compliance with safety standards is determined. The results show that tri-band antennas for these frequencies can be safely used; however, a limiting behavior for the power is necessary for lower frequencies due to the increasing SAR values and temperature rise.

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“…Eyewear Glasses [7][8][9][10] CE type antenna, SAR measurement was performed using the SAR probe (SAR 10 g ), Power input: 0.25 W,…”

Section: Applications Type Description Sar (W/kg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Computational Analysis of the Effects of Tri-Band Antennas of Wearable Smart Glasses

Geyikoğlu¹,

Kaburcuk²,

Çavuşoğlu³

2019

PIER C

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some of them are [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]; however, at higher frequency bands such as frequency bands for 5G, electromagnetic field exposure is still unknown and worthwhile for further investigation. Therefore, one of the aims of this study is to investigate by numerical simulations that electromagnetic field exposure of 5G system in biological tissues, which is in the range limit provided by the international standardization organizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emf Exposure Analysis for a Compact Multi-Band 5g Antenna

Yazdandoost¹,

Laakso²

2018

PIER M

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Abstract-The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems are projected to work at millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency bands that would bring new challenges with the implementation of antennas and safety level of electromagnetic field exposures. In this paper, a new design of 5G mmwave antenna for multi-frequency bands has been introduced. The antenna is small enough and has a form factor that can be easily fit into the current available mobile handset devices. The proposed antenna covers all the nominated frequency bands by the FCC for 5G communications and has good radiation performances at 28 GHz, 37 GHz, 39 GHz, and 64-71 GHz. The electromagnetic field exposure to the human head model has been studied by means of numerical simulation for all above frequency bands. The feature of our proposed antenna is that all the frequency bands for the 5th generation mobile handset will be available in a single and simple antenna structure; hence, analysis of EMF exposure in a wide range of frequency can be done on a single antenna design.

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“…Significant and noteworthy volumes of studies and researches have been conducted in the past [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th generations of mobile communications on health effects, for the whole body and localized tissue heating. At higher frequency bands, such as millimeter wave frequency bands, works need to be done, and studies need to be performed on electromagnetic field exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Field Exposure From 5g Mobile Communications at 10 GHZ

Yazdandoost¹,

Laakso²

2018

PIER M

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Study on the interactions between electromagnetic fields and biological tissue at high frequency band is an important aspect in the area of wireless communications. The use of millimeter wave frequency band for fifth Generation (5G) devises involves new challenges in terms of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure (RF-EMF) limits and compliance assessment since the basic restrictions for limiting human exposure change from the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) to the power density. The Electromagnetic Field Exposure to the human head has been studied based on power density by means of numerical simulation for the frequency band of 10 GHz. Study on radio frequency energy absorption has been done based on radiation from a printed monopole antenna at frequency of 10 GHz, transmitting directly towards the human head tissue model. Human head model is constructed from magnetic resonance images with frequency dependent tissue electrical properties. It is shown that at millimeter wave frequency, i.e., 10 GHz, with realistic source (20 mW) and head-source separation distance (10 mm), the amount of power density is in the range of regulatory limits and requirements on EMF exposure. The obtained results might provide valuable information for the design of 5G handheld devices and EMF compliance assessment.

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Dual-Band 4G Eyewear Antenna and SAR Implications

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Experimental and Computational Analysis of the Effects of Tri-Band Antennas of Wearable Smart Glasses

Experimental and Computational Analysis of the Effects of Tri-Band Antennas of Wearable Smart Glasses

Emf Exposure Analysis for a Compact Multi-Band 5g Antenna

Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Field Exposure From 5g Mobile Communications at 10 GHZ

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