Dual antibacterial mechanisms of nisin Z against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Kuwano, Koichi; Tanaka, Noriko; Shimizu, Takashi; Nagatoshi, Kohei; Nou, Shinsuke; Sonomoto, Kenji

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.08.010

Cited by 99 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As an additional quality control measure, purified nisin was evaluated for its inhibitory activity against Lactococcus lactis 117 (ATTC 15577) cells grown in GM17 broth (3.7% M17 medium, 0.5% dextrose; BD Biosciences) at 30°C. Purified nisin inhibited L. lactis 117 with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 0.0021 M, in excellent agreement with the findings of previous studies (6,27,28), indicating that the purification protocol yielded nisin with the expected biological activity.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis Spore Outgrowth by Nisin

Gut

Prouty

Ballard

et al. 2008

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

100

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The lantibiotic nisin has previously been reported to inhibit the outgrowth of spores from several Bacillus species. However, the mode of action of nisin responsible for outgrowth inhibition is poorly understood. By using B. anthracis Sterne 7702 as a model, nisin acted against spores with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) and an IC 90 of 0.57 M and 0.90 M, respectively. Viable B. anthracis organisms were not recoverable from cultures containing concentrations of nisin greater than the IC 90 . These studies demonstrated that spores lose heat resistance and become hydrated in the presence of nisin, thereby ruling out a possible mechanism of inhibition in which nisin acts to block germination initiation. Rather, germination initiation is requisite for the action of nisin. This study also revealed that nisin rapidly and irreversibly inhibits growth by preventing the establishment of oxidative metabolism and the membrane potential in germinating spores. On the other hand, nisin had no detectable effects on the typical changes associated with the dissolution of the outer spore structures (e.g., the spore coats, cortex, and exosporium). Thus, the action of nisin results in the uncoupling of two critical sequences of events necessary for the outgrowth of spores: the establishment of metabolism and the shedding of the external spore structures.Lantibiotics are methyllanthionine-containing cationic antimicrobial peptides produced by several gram-positive bacteria (11). Nisin is a 34-amino-acid peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (ATCC 11454), which has emerged as an important prototype for the study of the novel antibacterial properties and structure-activity relationships characteristic of the lantibiotics (5, 33). Like all lantibiotics, nisin is ribosomally translated and is then posttranslationally modified to generate three noncyclic nonproteogenic amino acids, dehydroalanine, and dehydrobutyrine and five lanthionine or methyllanthionine thioether rings (11).The utility of nisin derives from its capacity to act upon gram-positive bacteria by two entirely different mechanisms (15,46). Nisin forms pores in lipid membranes (46), but it also functions as a transglycosylase inhibitor that disrupts cell wall biosynthesis via lipid II binding and mislocalization (21,55). Because it functions as a "two-edged sword," microbes have been relatively refractory to the emergence of resistance to nisin, despite its widespread and persistent use as a preservative in the food industry (15,46).An additional and poorly understood activity of nisin is its capacity to prevent the outgrowth of spores from several grampositive bacteria, including several Bacillus species (9, 10, 40, 42). To date, nisin inhibition of Bacillus spore outgrowth has been documented by various methods, including the spectrophotometric measurement of liquid culture turbidity (3), the enumeration of CFU (4,14,32,35,43), well diffusion assays on solid agar (14, 39), and microscopic observations (41). Although these approaches are useful, they...

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supporting

confidence: 88%

Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis Spore Outgrowth by Nisin

Gut

Prouty

Ballard

et al. 2008

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

100

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“…Our findings showed the common characteristics of bacteriocins, because they are active mostly on strains closely related to the producer strains . The activity of some bacteriocins from LAB against Gram-negative bacteria is an unusual phenomenon; only a few bacteriocins possessed this behavior (Kuwano et al, 2005;Todorov & Dicks, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production, stability, gene sequencing and in situ anti-Listeria activity of mundticin KS expressed by three Enterococcus mundtii strains

Settanni¹,

Guarcello²,

Gaglio³

et al. 2014

Food Control

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a b s t r a c tThree enterococci (WFE3, WFE20 and WFE31) selected as presumptive bacteriocin producers were found to be active against Listeria monocytogenes. In this study, due to their potential industrial/food applications, the three bacterial isolates were extensively characterized. Identification was performed by means of a combined 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multiplex PCR approach, and was confirmed with the sequencing of a partial region of a protein-encoding gene, namely pheS. The three isolates belonged unequivocally to the species Enterococcus mundtii. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis recognized three distinct strains. The supernatants were mainly active against Listeria spp., but some lactic acid bacteria were also inhibited. The proteinaceous nature of the three supernatants was detected after treatment with proteinase K, protease B and trypsin. The bacteriocins were found to be heat resistant, stable in a large pH range and in presence of ethanol. The bacteriocins were not adsorbed onto the surface of the producer cells and their effect was bactericidal. The production of bacteriocins was higher at neutral pHs and temperatures in the range 30e37 C. The active supernatants did not show cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes and the three strains were susceptible to the action of common antibiotics. The genetic characterization of the bacteriocin genes showed that all three strains produced mundticin KS. They produced it in five food model systems, sterilized by thermal treatment or filtration, prepared from fresh vegetables, cereals, cheeses, meats and fishes. The in situ anti-listerial activities of the strains WFE3, WFE20 and WFE31 were quantitatively different.

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“…Kuwano and others (33) suggest that nisin Z, produced by Lactococcus lactis, utilizes two distinct, salt-dependent mechanisms of antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Purification of Enterocin E-760 with Broad Antimicrobial Activity against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Line

Svetoch

Eruslanov

et al. 2008

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

190

121

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Strain NRRL B-30745, isolated from chicken ceca and identified as Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecium, or Enterococcus hirae, was initially identified as antagonistic to Campylobacter jejuni. The isolate produced a 5,362-Da bacteriocin (enterocin) that inhibits the growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, S. enterica serovar Choleraesuis, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, S. enterica serovar Gallinarum, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, and 20 other Campylobacter species isolates. The enterocin, E-760, was isolated and purified by cation-exchange and hydrophobic-interaction chromatographies. The proteinaceous nature of purified enterocin E-760 was demonstrated upon treatment with various proteolytic enzymes. Specifically, the antimicrobial peptide was found to be sensitive to beta-chymotrypsin, proteinase K, and papain, while it was resistant to lysozyme and lipase. The enterocin demonstrated thermostability by retaining activity after 5 min at 100°C and was stable at pH values between 5.0 and 8.7. However, activity was lost below pH 3.0 and above pH 9.5. Administration of enterocin E-760-treated feed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the colonization of young broiler chicks experimentally challenged and colonized with two strains of C. jejuni by more than 8 log 10 CFU. Enterocin E-760 also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the colonization of naturally acquired Campylobacter species in market age broiler chickens when administered in treated feed 4 days prior to analysis.Microorganisms produce a variety of compounds which demonstrate antibacterial properties. One group of these compounds, the bacteriocins, consists of relatively small bactericidal peptides. The widespread occurrence of bacteriocins in bacterial species isolated from complex microbial communities, such as the intestinal tract, oral surfaces, or other epithelial surfaces, suggests that they may have a regulatory role in terms of population dynamics within bacterial ecosystems. Bacteriocins are defined as compounds produced by bacteria that have a biologically active protein moiety and bactericidal action (51). In recent years, a renewed interest in bacteriocinlike activities has led to the discovery, isolation, and purification of bacteriocins from both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms (28). They are now being considered for a variety of antimicrobial uses in foods and medicine (17, 41).Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are among the most well known and investigated producers of microbial antagonists. These include the well-characterized bacteriocins (6, 30, 55), potential bacteriocinlike substances (57), and other antagonists not necessarily related to bacteriocins (24,36,44). The LAB are gram-positive, non-spore-forming, catalase-negative organisms devoid of cytochromes. They are anaerobic...

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Dual antibacterial mechanisms of nisin Z against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Cited by 99 publications

References 28 publications

Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis Spore Outgrowth by Nisin

Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis Spore Outgrowth by Nisin

Production, stability, gene sequencing and in situ anti-Listeria activity of mundticin KS expressed by three Enterococcus mundtii strains

Isolation and Purification of Enterocin E-760 with Broad Antimicrobial Activity against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

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