Dual and Ternary Biofuel Blends for Desalination Process: Emissions and Heat Recovered Assessment

Elfasakhany, Ashraf

doi:10.3390/en14010061

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In many cases, full-open throttle engine tests were conducted, which was not the case in the current study. For instance, Elfasakhany [88] reported slightly higher CO and HC emissions for two steady states and the opposite trend for another steady-state test condition. In driving cycle test procedures, no definitive trends in HC or CO emissions were observed for increased alcohol content in the blends [89].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Performance of Anisole and Isobutanol as Gasoline Bio-Blendstocks for Spark Ignition Engines

et al. 2021

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Several countries have set ambitious targets for the transport sector that mandate a gradual increase in advanced biofuel content in the coming years. The current work addresses this transition and indicates two promising gasoline bio-blendstocks: Anisole and isobutanol. The whole value chains of these bio-components were considered, focusing on end-use performance, but also analyzing feedstock and its conversion, well-to wheel (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and costs. Three alternative fuels, namely a ternary blend (15% anisole, 15% isobutanol, 70% fossil gasoline on an energy basis) and two binary blends (15% anisole with fossil gasoline and 30% isobutanol with fossil gasoline), were tested, focusing on their drop-in applicability in spark ignition (SI) engines. The formulated liquid fuels performed well and showed the potential to increase brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 1.4% on average. Measured unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were increased on average by 12–29% and 17–51%, respectively. However, HC and CO concentrations and exhaust temperatures were at acceptable levels for proper catalyst operation. The studied blends were estimated to bring 11–22% of WTW GHG emission reductions compared to base gasoline. Additionally, the fleet performance and benefits of flexi-fuel vehicles (FFV) were modeled for ternary blends.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Performance of Anisole and Isobutanol as Gasoline Bio-Blendstocks for Spark Ignition Engines

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, as a technology that will be an effective alternative desalination method in the future, the tidal system RO can save more money when the feed pressure or water extraction rate is high. To find solutions to challenges such as fossil fuel limitation, high pollution, and high energy demand on our globe, eight different renewable biofuel blends were presented and investigated by Elfasakhany [ 36 ] as energy sources for desalination plants. The results showed that both gasoline-bioethanol and gasoline-biomethanol provided high heat recovery and sensitive emissions of CO and UHC.…”

Section: Applications Of Renewable Energies In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Food and Agriculture: Employment of Renewable Energy Technologies

et al. 2022

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Purposeof Review According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), a large portion of the various activities in the agriculture and food supply chain (AFSC) are extremely dependent on fossil fuels and contribute to 24% of the total global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Recent Findings There are several strategies to reduce GHG emissions and mitigate the associated destructive impacts. Among them, substituting fossil fuels with alternative low-carbon energy sources has received remarkable attention. Summary The core concept of this study is to explore the relationship between food security, sustainable development, and renewable energy. Renewable energy has shown promising potential for integration into a wide range of agricultural activities and offers an alternative sustainable solution to current practices. In modern agriculture, the need for electrification has increased, with electric tractors and agricultural robots accounting for a large share, which represents a great opportunity for the use of renewable technologies in this sector. As new technologies emerge, investors need to familiarize themselves with them. Further technical improvements, cost reductions, and government incentives can facilitate the real-world deployment of sustainable renewable technologies in agriculture and food production.

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“…The slight difference appears due to dissimilar combustion characteristics and flame propagations. Both the fuels are different in terms of heating values, saturation pressures, stoichiometric A/F ratios, boiling points and auto ignition temperatures, as summarized in Table 1 [149,150]. One further difference is the structure of both fuels, whereby i-butanol is branched-chain but n-butanol is a straight-chain.…”

Section: Comparison Between Single Biofuel Blends In Siementioning

confidence: 99%

State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines

Elfasakhany

2021

Energies

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Biofuels are receiving increased scientific attention, and recently different biofuels have been proposed for spark ignition engines. This paper presents the state of art of using biofuels in spark ignition engines (SIE). Different biofuels, mainly ethanol, methanol, i-butanol-n-butanol, and acetone, are blended together in single dual issues and evaluated as renewables for SIE. The biofuels were compared with each other as well as with the fossil fuel in SIE. Future biofuels for SIE are highlighted. A proposed method to reduce automobile emissions and reformulate the emissions into new fuels is presented and discussed. The benefits and weaknesses of using biofuels in SIE are summarized. The study established that ethanol has several benefits as a biofuel for SIE; it enhanced engine performance and decreased pollutant emissions significantly; however, ethanol showed some drawbacks, which cause problems in cold starting conditions and, additionally, the engine may suffer from a vapor lock situation. Methanol also showed improvements in engine emissions/performance similarly to ethanol, but it is poisonous biofuel and it has some sort of incompatibility with engine materials/systems; its being miscible with water is another disadvantage. The lowest engine performance was displayed by n-butanol and i-butanol biofuels, and they also showed the greatest amount of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) and CO emissions, but the lowest greenhouse effect. Ethanol and methanol introduced the highest engine performance, but they also showed the greatest CO2 emissions. Acetone introduced a moderate engine performance and the best/lowest CO and UHC emissions. Single biofuel blends are also compared with dual ones, and the results showed the benefits of the dual ones. The study concluded that the next generation of biofuels is expected to be dual blended biofuels. Different dual biofuel blends are also compared with each other, and the results showed that the ethanol–methanol (EM) biofuel is superior in comparison with n-butanol–i-butanol (niB) and i-butanol–ethanol (iBE).

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Dual and Ternary Biofuel Blends for Desalination Process: Emissions and Heat Recovered Assessment

Cited by 9 publications

References 50 publications

Performance of Anisole and Isobutanol as Gasoline Bio-Blendstocks for Spark Ignition Engines

Performance of Anisole and Isobutanol as Gasoline Bio-Blendstocks for Spark Ignition Engines

Sustainable Food and Agriculture: Employment of Renewable Energy Technologies

State of Art of Using Biofuels in Spark Ignition Engines

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