Du bilan mitigé des Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement aux difficultés de mise en œuvre des Objectifs de développement durable

Abstract

Les OMD, pensés en termes d’objectifs sociaux à atteindre pour les seuls pays du Sud à l’horizon 2015, ne remettaient pas en cause les préférences collectives du Nord. Le passage des OMD aux ODD se situe dans un contexte où les questions planétaires, notamment climatiques, dominent les débats. La traduction des objectifs à atteindre en ressources à mobiliser et en résultats observables est particulièrement délicate pour un développement à la fois durable et inclusif. Cet article présente le bilan contrasté des OMD et traite des principaux enjeux des ODD dans un monde multipolaire et une financiarisation du capitalisme caractérisé par un déplacement de la richesse et de la puissance et la vulnérabilité d’une partie de la population.

Assessment of capital expenditure in achieving sanitation-related MDG targets and the uncertainties of the SDG targets in Algeria

“…Scientific work on the issues around the MDGs and SDGs has been relevant in our study ( Hugon, 2016 , Herrera, 2019 , Nhamo et al, 2019 , Mugagga and Nabaasa, 2016 ). Yet, according to Herrera (2019) , if we want to succeed in the challenges of the SDGs, we must review the successes and failures in the implementation of MDG Target 7.C.…”

“…Indeed, the targets must be quantifiable, concrete, concise and easy to understand, which explains why an analysis of the global indicators is insufficient without regard to the contrasts within the subsectors concerned. Comparisons based on international indicators ipso facto become insufficient and should in no way supplant statistics disaggregated by sector, or even by geographical region, and detailed studies specific to each country ( Hugon, 2016 ). An assessment based on the SDG targets is needed to avoid previous errors made in the assessment of the MDGs.…”

“…In the economic assessment of the MDGs there is a gap between decision-makers who position themselves praxeologically 10 and scientists who adopt critical approaches and measures in terms of costs and benefits ( Hugon, 2016 ). The improvements in water and sanitation services in Algeria were the result of a proven effort in terms of funding and investment projects ( Kherbache and Oukaci, 2017 , Kherbache, 2014 , Akli et al, 2016 ).…”

“…The meeting gave rise to the Millennium Declaration in which all participating states pledged to meet eight major goals by 2015, commonly known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Hugon (2016) describes the MDGs as concentrated, identical and straightforward in terms of the percentage to be achieved, while Bhagwati (2010) calls them ambitious and well-intentioned goals that are often endowed with a quantitative dimension that must be achieved within a specific time frame which covers various and chosen domains. Sanitation was identified in Target 7.C of Goal 7: ‘By 2015, halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation’ ( UN, 2000 ).…”

“…Following noted progress in several regions of the world, a decision was taken at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (RIO + 20 Summit) held in Rio de Janeiro from 20 to 22 June 2012 to start negotiations to replace the MDGs with a post-2015 agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ( Hugon, 2016 ). As a result, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted in September 2015 at a historic United Nations summit, and on January 1, 2016, the SDGs came into force.…”