“…c) Literature Review: The summary of the research carried out to achieve timing and carrier synchronization in single carrier DF-OWRN is given in Table X: 1) Estimation or compensation of timing offsets alone and frequency offsets alone is studied in [247,252,261] and [20,260,262,266], respectively. 2) Joint timing and carrier synchronization is studied in [21,263,264,265,267]. Further details or differences are provided in the last column of Table X, which indicates whether STBC, SFBC, or training sequence (TS) design is considered.…”