DSPIR Framework as Planning and Management Tools for the La Boquita Coastal System, Manzanillo, Mexico

Abstract

Coastal ecosystems are attractive sites for tourism. In the central Pacific coast of Mexico in the La Boquita coastal system (LBCS), consisting of a beach and a coastal lagoon, the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model was implemented for the spatial and temporal analysis of socio environmental indicators, aiming to gather information for decision-making and implementation of management strategies. The spatial occupation (umbrellas and tables) of the beach showed a 50–200% increase during the Easter season relative to the low season, while the area containing restaurants (called “ramadas”) increased by 396% in 15 years, representing pressure on land use for tourism purposes. The density of beach users ranged from moderate to high (<10 m2/user) during the holiday seasons in the tourism area. The Trophic index (TRIX), used as an indicator of trophic status, revealed mesotrophic-to-eutrophic conditions in lagoon water due to the limited water exchange with the adjacent ocean and to DIN and DIP inputs from adjacent tourist areas. The analysis of the environmental legislation showed that law enforcement in the LBCS is poor or nil, with most environmental regulations either ignored or having inadequate enforcement monitoring. This has led to the current state of socio environmental disruption.

The Influence of Local Economic Conditions on Start-Ups and Local Open Innovation System

“…A similar action of municipal authorities was described on the example of Mexico (La Boquita Coastal System, Manzanillo, Mexico). In that example, one of the tourist regions the authorities proposed the improvement of the sanitary infrastructure and the planning of the occupation of space for recreational use, aiming to change the trends related to the pressures that threaten the environmental health [105].…”