DSM-5 antisocial personality disorder: Predictive validity in a prison sample.

Abstract

Symptoms of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), particularly remorselessness, are frequently introduced in legal settings as a risk factor for future violence in prison, despite a paucity of research on the predictive validity of this disorder. We examined whether an ASPD diagnosis or symptom-criteria counts could prospectively predict any form of institutional misconduct, as well as aggressive and violent infractions among newly admitted prisoners. Adult male (n = 298) and female (n = 55) offenders were recruited from 4 prison systems across the United States. At the time of study enrollment, diagnostic information was collected using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; APA, 1994) Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II; First, Gibbon, Spitzer, Williams, & Benjamin, 1997) supplemented by a detailed review of official records. Disciplinary records were obtained from inmates' respective prisons covering a 1-year period following study enrollment and misconduct was categorized hierarchically as any (general), aggressive (verbal/physical), or violent (physical). Dichotomous ASPD diagnoses and adult symptom-criteria counts did not significantly predict institutional misconduct across our 3 outcome variables, with effect sizes being close to 0 in magnitude. The symptom of remorselessness in particular showed no relation to future misconduct in prison. Childhood symptom counts of conduct disorder demonstrated modest predictive utility. Our results offer essentially no support for the claim that ASPD diagnoses can predict institutional misconduct in prison, regardless of the number of adult symptoms present. In forensic contexts, testimony that an ASPD diagnosis identifies defendants who will pose a serious threat while incarcerated in prison presently lacks any substantial scientific foundation.

The habitual female offender inside: How psychopathic traits predict chronic prison violence.

“…In the present study, the EQ had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .85, suggesting a reliable self-assessment measurement, and is consistent with prior research (Thomson et al, 2015). proportion of zero = .81, range 0 to 6) misconducts over the course of 9-months is consistent with prior research including male and female samples (see Edens, Kelley, Lilienfeld, Skeem, & Douglas, 2015).…”

A Dimensional Comparison of a Self-Report and a Structured Interview Measure of Conduct Disorder

“…CD typically begins in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a pervasive pattern of problematic behaviors that infringe on the rights of others and violate social norms (e.g., destruction of property, deceitfulness, physical aggression; APA, 2013). Although CD symptoms seem particularly important to the latent construct tapped by ASPD (Edens, Kelley, Lilienfeld, Skeem, & Douglas, 2014;Walters & Knight, 2010), the need to assess historical information to make diagnostic determinations creates difficulties for both self-report and clinical interview measures given the potential for evaluee memory lapse or distortion. Even so, interviewers may have access to relevant collateral information (e.g., institutional records) that attenuates this problem by corroborating and supplementing the evaluee's report.…”

Perfil diferencial de trastornos de personalidad en el consumo de drogas y maltrato

“…Estos resultados son congruentes con los obtenidos por Edens et al (2015), Mahmood et al (2012) y Marco et al (2015 que también encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, en una muestra de personas condenadas por delitos violentos, en los trastornos de la personalidad dependiente, compulsivo, antisocial, límite, abuso de alcohol, abuso de drogas y depresión mayor.…”

“…En cuanto al trastorno de personalidad histriónico, las puntuaciones son más altas en el grupo de drogodependencias que en el grupo control. Este resultado es coherente con el de otros estudios (Edens et al, 2015;Mahmood et al, 2012;Marco et al, 2015). En el trastorno de personalidad antisocial encontramos diferencias entre el grupo de drogodependencias y los grupos de maltrato y control, siendo las puntuaciones más altas en el grupo de drogodependencias.…”

“…En este sentido Casares-López et al (2010) sostienen que la comorbilidad entre el consumo de drogas y los trastornos de personalidad es mayor cuando el contexto de estudio se circunscribe a la prisión, donde los drogodependientes en régimen penitenciario presentan más trastornos de personalidad y más graves que los drogodependientes que están en tratamiento en régimen extrapenitenciario. Los estudios (Edens, Kelley, Lilienfeld, Skeem y Douglas, 2015;Mahmood, Tripodi, Vaughn, Bender y Schwartz, 2012;Marco et al, 2015) concluyen que los trastornos de personalidad de los drogodependientes en régimen penitenciario son en primer lugar los trastornos que pertenecen al cluster B, concretamente el límite y el antisocial; en segundo lugar, los del cluster C, trastorno por evitación, pasivo-agresivo y obsesivo compulsivo; y en tercer lugar, el cluster A, destacando el esquizoide.…”