DscoreApp: A Shiny Web Application for the Computation of the Implicit Association Test D-Score

Epifania, Ottavia M.; Anselmi, Pasquale; Robusto, Egidio

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02938

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In addition, we used cluster analysis, a method widely used in analyses of this type [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 112 ], but which provides a limited number of reports that, being based in similarity and co-occurrence techniques, only takes into account the number of keywords considered. This result could represent a limitation considering the high fragmentation that characterizes this research field, as well as its multidisciplinary nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For science mapping analysis, VOSviewer software, version 1.6.10 [ 38 , 39 ], was used to analyze the most prevalent and emerging topics within the sport entrepreneurship knowledge base. This is an indisputable statistical technique [ 38 ], currently in widespread use [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Based on similarity and co-occurrence techniques (keywords used by the authors), this method allows us, through the construction of maps, to investigate the type and strength of the relationships between the different areas of scientific interest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Entrepreneurship and Sport: A Strategy for Social Inclusion and Change

Cardella

Hernández-Sánchez

Sánchez-García

2021

IJERPH

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The relationship between sport and entrepreneurship is an emerging but constantly evolving research field, especially in recent years. This is an extremely important topic considering its positive impact on public health, social inclusion, economic development, and the promotion of intercultural exchange. This study has carried out a comprehensive and systematic review of literature on entrepreneurship and sport as tools for implementing social change. We used several bibliometric indicators in order to understand the current state of the literature, and scientific mapping analysis (keywords co-occurrence) to interpret the main theoretical areas of scientific interest. By searching the Scopus database, a total of 239 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed. The results showed the identification of six major recurring themes in the literature. For the purposes of our contribution, the recently developed line of research which considers sport as a tool for solving social problems through social change appears to be of particular importance. These data allow us to conclude that it is a highly multidisciplinary and active field. Suggestions for future lines of research and methodological limitations are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurship and Sport: A Strategy for Social Inclusion and Change

Cardella

Hernández-Sánchez

Sánchez-García

2021

IJERPH

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“…The above-mentioned models were applied to a Race IAT.ls were fitted with the lme4 package (Bates, Mächler, Bolker, & Walker, 2015) in R (Version 3.5.1, R Core Team, 2018) and the implicitMeasures package (Epifania, Anselmi, & Robusto, 2020c) was used for computing the IAT D score. A free and user-friendly tool for computing the IAT D score is retrievable at http://fisppa.psy.unipd.it/DscoreApp/ (Epifania, Anselmi, & Robusto, 2020a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rasch gone mixed: A mixed model approach to the Implicit Association Test

Epifania¹,

Robusto²,

Anselmi³

2020

Preprint

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The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is one of the most commonly used measures for the implicit assessment of preferences and attitudes. Nevertheless, the meaning of the IAT effect remains unclear. Since the IAT is based on the speed and accuracy with which different stimuli are categorized in the category to which they belong, the sense of the IAT measure is strongly related to the functioning of the stimuli used to represent the categories. Thus, a model providing a fine-grained analysis at both respondents and stimuli levels would help in clarifying and interpreting the IAT measure. By applying Linear Mixed Effects Models to IAT accuracy and time responses, this study aims to present a modeling framework for IAT data resulting in such a detailed analysis at both respondents and stimuli levels. The proposed models provide a detailed picture of the contribution of each stimulus to the IAT effect, allowing for the identification of malfunctioning stimuli that can be eliminated or substituted to obtain better performing IATs. Additionally, the detailed information on respondents' performance yields a better understanding of the classic measure of the IAT effect (i.e., the <i>D</i> score). Implications of the results and future research directions, also implying different implicit procedures, are discussed

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“…The algorithms for the computation of the D score are described in Greenwald et al (2003). Different open-source resources are available for the computation of these algorithms, including an R package (i.e., implicitMeasures, Epifania et al, 2020a) and a point-and-drop web application (Epifania et al, 2020c).…”

Section: The Implicit Association Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit social cognition through the years: The Implicit Association Test at age 21.

Epifania¹,

Anselmi²,

Robusto³

2022

Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

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Implicit measures allow for the indirect investigation of psychological constructs by measuring the automatic associations between evaluative dimensions and attitude objects. Among these implicit measures, the Implicit Association Test (IAT;Greenwald et al., 1998) is one of the most studied and used. Despite the existence of many literature reviews on the IAT and the constructs it assesses, none of them provides information on the spread of its use in different fields of application. This literature review is aimed at filling this gap by providing an overview on the use of the IAT from the year of its first introduction until today. The main fields of application of the IAT, the specific topics for which it has been used, and its concurrent use with other implicit measures are highlighted and described. The results indicate the growing use of the IAT in ever wider and more varied range of fields.

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DscoreApp: A Shiny Web Application for the Computation of the Implicit Association Test D-Score

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Entrepreneurship and Sport: A Strategy for Social Inclusion and Change

Entrepreneurship and Sport: A Strategy for Social Inclusion and Change

Rasch gone mixed: A mixed model approach to the Implicit Association Test

Implicit social cognition through the years: The Implicit Association Test at age 21.

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