Drying up Cows and the Effect of Different Methods upon Milk Production

Wayne, Ralph W.; Eckles, Clarence Henry; Peterson, Wendy E.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(33)93317-2

Cited by 14 publications

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“…Besides an abrupt drying-off, various drying-off preparation strategies (i.e. reducing milking frequencies, adjusting feed rations, limiting water supply) have been known for decades ( Wayne and others 1933 ); however, the advantages and disadvantages of reduced milk yield before drying-off and appropriate methods to reduce milk yield are still being debated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Procedures such as an abrupt drying-off ( Annen and others 2004 , Bertulat and others 2013 ), prolonged milking intervals in preparation of the drying-off ( Odensten and others 2007a , b ) and changes of the feed ration or feed restriction before last milking ( Valizaheh and others 2008 , Tucker and others 2009 ) were described. While these drying-off strategies are well known and have been applied for decades ( Wayne and others 1933 , Steyn, 1940 ), more recently the question has been addressed whether drying-off dairy cows is necessary ( Rémond and others 1992 , Madsen and others 2008 ). Advantages and disadvantages of continuous milking with omitting a dry period ( Fitzgerald and others 2007 , Schlamberger and others 2010 ) and varying dry period lengths were investigated ( Watters and others 2008 , Santschi and others 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A survey of drying‐off practices on commercial dairy farms in northern Germany and a comparison to science‐based recommendations

Bertulat

Fischer-Tenhagen

Heuwieser

2015

Veterinary Record Open

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While dry cow management is important for health, milk production and fertility information on drying-off procedures implemented on commercial dairy farms is lacking. Current drying-off management procedures on commercial dairy farms were evaluated using a questionnaire and results compared with recommendations given in the current literature. Ninety-one participants from a farmer education event completed the survey. On average, cows were dried off seven weeks before calving. Only 9.9 per cent of the farms had a dry period length of five weeks or less. A continuous milking regime without dry period was not established on any farm participating in the survey. Most farmers performed an abrupt drying-off (73.0 per cent). Only 11.8 and 15.0 per cent attempted to lower milk yield prior to drying-off by reducing milking frequencies and adjusting feed rations, respectively. While a blanket antibiotic dry cow treatment was carried out on 79.6 per cent of the farms, selective dry cow treatment was not mentioned by any farmer. Although 77.4 per cent preponed the drying-off date in low-yielding cows, an altered drying-off procedure in high-yielding dairy cows was rare (9.7 per cent). This survey provides an insight into drying-off procedures currently applied on commercial dairy farms in northern Germany.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of drying‐off practices on commercial dairy farms in northern Germany and a comparison to science‐based recommendations

Bertulat

Fischer-Tenhagen

Heuwieser

2015

Veterinary Record Open

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408. Udder infections in the ‘dry period’. I

Neave¹,

Dodd²,

Henriques³

1950

Journal of Dairy Research

128

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Methods of drying-off cows at the end of each lactation period may have a relatively important influence on the establishment of infections of the udder and on latent infections; this has been pointed out by Munch-Petersen(i) and by Steyn(2). There is still, however, little information about the numbers, types and duration of infections occurring in the drying-off and dry periods and the influence of these infections on milk yield in the subsequent lactation.In the present study of new infections in the dry period, data have been collected over a period of 3 years in an attested Shorthorn herd (herd N) free from contagious abortion. In the 3 years 1946-8 the average weekly number of cows in milk and the average age of the herd in lactations were 45-4, 49-8, 47-7 and 2-75, 2-48 and 2-34 respectively. The total number of cows infected with Streptococcus agalactiae in these years was 16, 11 and 5, with other streptococci 7, 10 and 12, and with staphylococci 6, 19 and 35. From May 1946 clinical cases only were treated with penicillin. METHODSWhen the daily milk yield had dropped to 8-10 lb. the animals were dried off in 1 week by intermittent milking, i.e. by milking the udder out once a day for 1 week only. Once the cows ceased to be milk-recorded no fluid was drawn except for the small quantities of secretion needed for the bacteriological examination.Fore-milk samples were taken from each quarter 3 days before the final milking-out of the udder, 7, 14 and 21 days later, about 1 week before calving and on the day of calving. Subsequent samples were taken from all quarters of non-infected cows on the 7th and 10th days after calving and from infected cows on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th days. During lactation samples were taken at intervals of 1-2 months or more frequently.Both during lactation and in the dry period any change in the bacteriological state of the udder was followed by one or more confirmatory samples.One-ounce samples -were taken during lactation, and 1-5 ml. samples during the dry period. From the vast majority of dry cows no difficulty was experienced in obtaining sufficient secretion for bacteriological examination. The few cases of difficulty were caused by the absence of detectable amounts of secretion and not by difficulty in expressing it.Until May 1946, the herd was milked by hand. Subsequently, part of the herd was milked by a bucket-type milking machine and carefully stripped by machine. From September 1946 the herd was machine-milked, though a few cows were hand-milked throughout 1947.The hands of milkers were not washed before milking each cow and disinfectants were not used for udder washing throughout the period under review, though dipping the teat

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625. Udder infections in the ‘dry period’: III. The method of drying-off cows at the end of lactation

Oliver

Dodd

Neave

1956

Journal of Dairy Research

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1. An experimental study was made of the effect of drying-off by ‘stop’ or intermittent milking on the incidence of new infection in the early dry period of dairy cows. Ninety-one and ninety-seven dry periods were examined following the treatments, and the results were analysed on a cow and quarter basis.2. The incidence of new infection was similar for groups of cows dried off by ‘stop’ or intermittent milking.3. The quarters of cows that were not infected on drying-off showed a significantly higher incidence (P <0·05) of new infection following ‘stop’ than following intermittent milking.4. Of the cows that were not infected at the time of drying off, those which had a previous history of infection showed a significantly higher (P <0·01) incidence of new dry-period infection than cows that had not been infected before.5. There was a much higher incidence of new infection in cows that were already infected on drying-off compared with cows free from infection at that time.6. About half of all the new dry-period infections persisted until the next lactation, and about one-third of these resulted in mastitis in the affected quarter.7. The method of drying-off had no effect on infections that were already established in quarters going dry.8. The types of pathogen causing infection were similar for both methods of drying-off.9. The method of ending lactation did not affect milk yield in the lactation following the dry period studied.

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Drying up Cows and the Effect of Different Methods upon Milk Production

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

A survey of drying‐off practices on commercial dairy farms in northern Germany and a comparison to science‐based recommendations

A survey of drying‐off practices on commercial dairy farms in northern Germany and a comparison to science‐based recommendations

408. Udder infections in the ‘dry period’. I

625. Udder infections in the ‘dry period’: III. The method of drying-off cows at the end of lactation

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