Drying rate variations of latex dispersions due to salt induced skin formation

Erkselius, Stefan; Wadsö, Lars; Karlsson, Ola

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2007.09.041

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…However, whereas in the study by Erkselius et al 12 the particles became unstable because of the rise in ionic concentration during drying, our calculations indicate that CCC is not reached in our system until after the time at which particle close-packing occurs.…”

Section: Estimation Of the Peclet Numbercontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…11 Experiments have shown that a skin layer on a latex film traps water beneath it, thereby slowing down the drying process. 12 Subsequently, trapped water will reduce the film's mechanical strength and adhesion. 13 Furthermore, as drying proceeds, the skin might rupture or wrinkle, which will result in an irregular surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 In Ref. 12, faster drying has been attributed to the presence of salt, when particle flocculation at higher ionic concentrations caused sedimentation and the avoidance of a skin layer. 12 Regarding the second point, the evolution of a concentration profile in colloidal dispersions is governed by the cooperative diffusion coefficient, D coop (also called "mutual diffusion coefficient").…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneous Drying of Colloidal Polymer Films: Dependence on Added Salt

et al. 2008

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Using magnetic resonance profiling coupled with dynamic light scattering, we have investigated the mechanisms leading to the formation of a partly coalesced surface layer, or "open skin", during film formation from waterborne polymer dispersions. We present the first use of the skewness of the distribution of free water as a model-free indicator of the spatial non-uniformity of drying. The skewness reaches a maximum at the same time at which a strong, static component -presumably originating from a skin at the film/air interface − appears in the light scattering data. The average solids content at this time is around 53 vol.%. Addition of salt to the dispersion increases both the skewness of the distribution of free water and the propensity for skin formation. Surprisingly, the drying is influenced not only by the concentration and valency of the ions in the salt but also by the particular ion. At intermediate particle densities, added salt strongly lowers the cooperative diffusion coefficient, D coop . When the particles reach close packing, D coop sharply increases. If the particles readily coalesce, the effects of the increased diffusivity will be counteracted, thereby inducing the formation of a skin. A modified Peclet number, Pe, using D coop , is proposed, so that the presence of salt is explicitly considered. This modified Pe is able to predict the non-uniformity in

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Section: Estimation Of the Peclet Numbercontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneous Drying of Colloidal Polymer Films: Dependence on Added Salt

et al. 2008

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“…Questions about the distribution of colloidal particles in drying polymer films have inspired many researchers to carry out modelling [6][7][8] and experimentation [9][10][11][12] in recent years. Some research has considered the drying process laterally in the film (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental test of the scaling prediction for the spatial distribution of water during the drying of colloidal films

Ekanayake

McDonald

Keddie

2009

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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Abstract. A Peclet number, Pe, for the drying of colloidal films can be used as a predictor of the uniformity of water concentration in the direction normal to the film. Uniform drying is predicted to occur when Pe < 1, whereas with Pe > 1, a layer of packed particles is expected to develop above a more dilute layer. Routh and Zimmerman have more recently proposed that the particle concentration gradient between the packed and dilute layers, dφp/dz , will scale as Pe 1/2 . Here, this scaling relation is tested experimentally with magnetic resonance profiling data obtained from waterborne colloidal films dried under conditions to yield a range of Pe. It is found that dφp/dz increases with Pe but scales as Pe 0.8 . This disagreement with the prediction can be attributed to an underestimate of Pe when there are greater non-uniformities of drying, because of an unquantified slowing down of the evaporation rate.

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“…The studies of the process of latex film formation need specific analytical technique to meet the requirement of each stage. The techniques used to study water evaporation stage include MFFT bar [10], gravimetry [11], cryogenic scanning electron microscopy [12], and environmental scanning electron microscopy [13]. Contact atomic force microscopy [14], transmission electron microscopy [15], and scanning electron microscopy [16] are usually used to study latex particle deformation or packing stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coalescing Aid Influences on Acrylic Latexes Property and Film Formation Process

Wang

Chen

Yu³

2016

Indian Journal of Materials Science

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The coalescing aid of propylene glycol phenyl ether (PPh) influences on the latexes system and its film formation process have been demonstrated in this paper. The latexes with different are synthesized by seeded semicontinuous emulsion polymerization. The PPh have a significant impact on the water evaporation stage, in which PPh decreased the water evaporation rate for a low latex system but accelerated the rate for a high latex. This result was quantified using Routh-Russel model which was a useful model for the prediction of the latex particle deformation mechanisms. The different amounts of PPh can change the latex particle deformation mechanisms. The TGA results show that the PPh still exist in the latexes films during drying. The microstructures of the latex film which dry under 70 ∘ C with the PPh for different time display that the PPh can accelerate the polymer molecules motion and the diffusion rate for the latex coalescence stage.

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Drying rate variations of latex dispersions due to salt induced skin formation

Cited by 49 publications

References 29 publications

Heterogeneous Drying of Colloidal Polymer Films: Dependence on Added Salt

Heterogeneous Drying of Colloidal Polymer Films: Dependence on Added Salt

An experimental test of the scaling prediction for the spatial distribution of water during the drying of colloidal films

Coalescing Aid Influences on Acrylic Latexes Property and Film Formation Process

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