Drying of Viscous, Shrinking Products: Modelling and Experimental Validation

Influence of Feed Composition and Drying Parameters on the Surface Composition of a Spray-Dried Multicomponent Particle

“…In fact, in concentrated solutions the diffusion coefficient indeed depends on the concentration and throughout the drying process it can change by three orders of magnitude. However, during the initial stages of drying, at water contents above 0.3 kg [kg/kg dry solid] this decrease is not more than one order of magnitude [22].…”

Stickiness during drying of amorphous skin-forming solutions using a probe tack test

“…Morphological variability during stickiness testing could possibly be minimised by using a thin film drying technique (e.g., Adhikari, 2002;Räderer, 2001;Yamamoto, 1999). A possible option would be to horizontally mount to the actuator assembly, a circular disc (£50 mm, 1 mm depth) so that the drying air should impinge the top surface of the film to give even drying (rather than from one side which is currently employed in the in situ test).…”

Predicting drying kinetic and undesired agglomeration during drying of granules containing amorphous water-soluble substances in a continuous horizontal fluid bed dryer

“…This behaviour can be described by using the Clausius Clapeyron equation [7]. However, it remains difficult to predict the diffusion of water molecules in the amorphous matrix because the diffusion coefficient also changes with the water content of the matrix [8].…”

“…Tsotsas [18] used an empirically measured product-specific drying curve to describe the drying kinetic during this so-called "falling rate" period. Räderer [8] modelled the falling rate period for the drying of a thin maltodextrine film by using a moisture-dependent diffusion coefficient.…”