Dry Weather Flow Contribution of Metals, Nutrients, and Solids from Natural Catchments

Stein, Eric D.; Yoon, Vada K.

doi:10.1007/s11270-007-9591-x

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Fifteen sites were selected for inclusion in the study based on criteria developed by Stein and Yoon (2007), Stein and Yoon (2008). Criteria were designed to ensure that sampling would capture natural conditions without influence from any land-based anthropogenic input.…”

Section: Sampling Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) levels during dry weather from Southern California reference streams

Tiefenthaler

Stein

Lyon

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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High levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in surface waters is a common problem in urban areas that often leads to impairment of beneficial uses such as swimming. Once impaired, common management and regulatory solutions include development of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) and other water quality management plans. A critical element of these plans is establishment of a "reference" level of exceedances against which to assess management goals and TMDL compliance. The goal of this study was to provide information on indicator bacteria contributions from natural streams in undeveloped catchments throughout southern California during dry weather, non-storm conditions. To help establish a regional reference data set, bacteria levels [i.e. Escherichia coli (E. coli), enterococci and total coliforms] were measured from 15 unimpaired streams in 11 southern California watersheds weekly for one full year. Concentrations measured from reference areas were typically between one to two orders of magnitude lower than levels found in developed watersheds. Nearly 82% of the time, samples did not exceed daily and monthly bacterial indicator thresholds. E. coli had the lowest daily percent exceedance (1.5%). A total of 13.7% of enterococci exceeded daily thresholds. Indicator bacteria levels fluctuated seasonally with an average of 79% of both enterococci and total coliforms exceedances occurring during summer months (June to August). Temperature, at all sites, explained about one-half the variation in total coliforms density suggesting that stream temperatures regulated bacterial populations. Accounting for natural background levels will allow for management targets that are more reflective of the contributions from natural sources.

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Section: Sampling Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) levels during dry weather from Southern California reference streams

Tiefenthaler

Stein

Lyon

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The transport and subsequent deposition of heavy metals in natural environments are dominated by hydrological processes and, these in turn, by climatic factors and the specific characteristics of the drainage area. A variety of factors such as catchment geology, physiographic characteristics, chemical reactivity, hydrologic flow regimes, vegetation, land‐use pattern and biological productivity regulate the metal load of a river system (Aurada, ; Salomons and Förstner, ; Miller et al ., ; Stein and Yoon, ). Park et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metals discharged during different flow conditions from a mixed agricultural‐forest catchment (NW Spain)

Soto-Varela

Rodríguez‐Blanco

Taboada-Castro

2014

Hydrological Processes

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Metal loads were determined from water samples collected under different streamflow conditions (baseflow and storm events) in a rural catchment (NW Spain) during 4 years. A study at annual, seasonal and storm‐event scales was carried out. In all analysed scales, the export order was Fe > Al > Mn > Zn > Cu. A high inter‐annual, seasonal and storm‐event scale variability of metal load was observed. The total metal loads in stream were higher during baseflow conditions than during storm events, which only represented 4% of the duration of the study period and 25% of streamflow. During storm events, both Al and Fe loads accounted 45% of the total load of the study period, whereas Mn, Cu and Zn loads represented 42%, 33% and 24%, respectively. This highlights the role of high flows on metal export. Only four big events exported around 30% of load of each metal transported in events. At all time scales, a prevalence of export of particulate metals over dissolved metals was observed, more pronounced for Al, Fe and Mn than for Cu and Zn. The export of metals in the Corbeira catchment is influenced by runoff and, to a lesser extent, by the rainfall amount. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Dry-weather flows, or urban drool, derives primarily from "nuisance" flows (e.g., overirrigation of ornamental landscaping and turf, car washes, street cleaning, irrigation return flows), permitted and illicit point sources of discharge (e.g., discharges from industrial, construction, and dewatering operations), domestic wastewater and drinking water infras-tructure leaks or overflow, "natural" non-urban water flowing from outlying areas, and groundwater inflows [8,9,11,12,16,17,24,33,34]. The most predominant sources of nonpoint dry-weather flow in semi-arid climates include irrigation return flow and shallow groundwater contributions.…”

Section: Urban Drool: Dry-weather Urban Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Drool Water Quality in Denver, Colorado: Pollutant Occurrences and Sources in Dry-Weather Flows

Pilone

García‐Chevesich

McCray

2021

Water

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Dry-weather flows in urban channels and streams, often termed “urban drool”, represent an important source of urban surface water impairment, particularly in semi-arid environments. Urban drool is a combination of year-round flows in urban channels, natural streams, and storm-sewer systems (runoff from irrigation return flow, car washes, street cleaning, leakage of groundwater or wastewater into streams or storm sewers, etc.). The purpose of this study was to better understand the extent and sources of urban drool pollution in Denver, Colorado by identifying relationships between urban catchment characteristics and pollutants. Water-quality samples were taken throughout Denver at urban drainage points that were representative of a variety of urban characteristics. Samples were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), coliforms, Escherichia Coli (E. coli), nutrients (nitrate, phosphorus, and potassium), dissolved and total organic carbon, and dissolved and total recoverable metals. Results from this study were as follows: (1) most contaminants (nitrate, phosphorus, arsenic, iron, manganese, nickel, selenium, and zinc) were concluded to be primarily loaded from shallow groundwater; (2) anthropogenic effects likely exacerbated groundwater pollutant concentrations and contributions to surface water; (3) nitrate, nickel, and manganese may be partially contributed by industrial inputs; (4) medical marijuana cultivation sites were identified as a potential source of nutrient and zinc pollution; (5) E. coli was a ubiquitous contaminant in all urban waterways; (6) erosion of contaminated urban soils, presumably from construction, was found to significantly increase concentrations of TSS, total phosphorus, and total metals. Increasing urbanization and predicted drier climates suggest that dry-weather flows will become more important to manage; the results from this study provide insight on dry-weather water quality management for the City and County of Denver.

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Dry Weather Flow Contribution of Metals, Nutrients, and Solids from Natural Catchments

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) levels during dry weather from Southern California reference streams

Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) levels during dry weather from Southern California reference streams

Metals discharged during different flow conditions from a mixed agricultural‐forest catchment (NW Spain)

Urban Drool Water Quality in Denver, Colorado: Pollutant Occurrences and Sources in Dry-Weather Flows

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