Dry reagent chemistries in clinical analysis

Walter, Bert

doi:10.1021/ac00255a001

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The Ames Seralyzer has been reported to be a convenient and accurate assay system (Karmen and Lent, 1982;Walter, 1983;Rupchock et al, 1985). The instrument requires minimal time and effort, a low volume of serum (10 pl/test), and is easily learned.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Determination of Phenytoin and Phenobarbital in Capillary Blood by Ames Seralyzer

Graves¹,

Holmes²,

Leppik³

et al. 1987

Epilepsia

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We evaluated the use of serum obtained from capillary blood specimens with the Seralyzer ARIS (AMES Division Miles Laboratories) assay for phenytoin (PHT) and phenobarbital (PB). The Ames Seralyzer method is capable of measuring PHT and PB concentrations in 10 microliter of serum. Therefore, it may be used to measure concentrations of these drugs in small blood samples, such as obtained by skin puncture and capillary tube collection. In this study, simultaneous venous and capillary samples were obtained from 90 patients with epilepsy. Seralyzer results were compared with serum values from venous blood determined with a gas chromatographic (GC) method. Comparison of PHT values obtained by Seralyzer (Ys) versus GC by linear regression gave the equation: Ys = 0.36 + 0.88 X (r2 = 0.93, n = 63). The mean difference between the Seralyzer and GC was -0.96 micrograms/ml (p less than 0.001). For PB, the equation was: Ys = -0.53 + 1.07 X (r2 = 0.93, n = 31) with a mean difference of +1.28 micrograms/ml (p = 0.02).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ames Division of Miles Laboratories (Elkhart, IN, U.S.A.) has recently developed the Seralyzer, a reflectance photometric assay for determination of a variety of blood analytes. It combines the convenience of dry chemistry with a competitive binding immunoassay for the quantitative determi-nation of PHT and PB in serum or plasma (Walter, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Determination of Phenytoin and Phenobarbital in Capillary Blood by Ames Seralyzer

Graves¹,

Holmes²,

Leppik³

et al. 1987

Epilepsia

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“…Polymer membrane-based sensors chemistry could be implemented in a disposable single-use electrode format (similar to the Kodak's Ektachem design (Walter, 1983)) for rapid estimation of free heparin levels in undiluted blood. Work on demonstrating the clinical utility of this approach is currently in progress, as are efforts to understand more fully the exact mechanism of heparin response.…”

Section: Heparin Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer membrane-based ion-, gas- and bio-selective potentiometric sensors

Yim

Kibbey

Ching

et al. 1993

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Recent progress in the design of new polymer membrane-based potentiometric ion-, gas- and bio-selective electrodes in chemistry laboratories at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on describing the performance of devices for measuring anions (e.g., salicylate, thiocyanate, chloride and heparin) and gases (e.g., ammonia, carbon dioxide and oxygen) in biological samples, both in vitro and in vivo. Beyond direct measurement of key ions and gases in complex matrices, some of the new membrane electrode systems reported can serve as base transducers for the development of biosensors containing integrated biological reagents, including enzymes and antibodies. New approaches for mass fabricating solid-state ion and biosensor devices as well as future directions for research in the entire field of polymer membrane sensors are also described.

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“…Reactive latex polymer coatings containing biological molecules such as enzymes or antibodies were first developed more than 25 years ago by Eastman Kodak for use in layered dry reagent clinical chemistry (5, 6). Latex biocatalytic coatings containing enzymes include hygienic, antifouling, biodecontamination, biosensing or biodetection coatings, and coatings used to stabilize, concentrate, intensify, and miniaturize enzymes for biocatalysts.…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Painting and Printing Living Bacteria: Engineering Nanoporous Biocatalytic Coatings to Preserve Microbial Viability and Intensify Reactivity

Flickinger

Schottel

Bond

et al. 2007

Biotechnology Progress

100

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Latex biocatalytic coatings containing ∼50% by volume of microorganisms stabilize, concentrate and preserve cell viability on surfaces at ambient temperature. Coatings can be formed on a variety of surfaces, delaminated to generate stand-alone membranes or formulated as reactive inks for piezoelectric deposition of viable microbes. As the latex emulsion dries, cell preservation by partial desiccation occurs simultaneously with the formation of pores and adhesion to the substrate. The result is living cells permanently entrapped, surrounded by nanopores generated by partially coalesced polymer particles. Nanoporosity is essential for preserving microbial viability and coating reactivity. Cryo-SEM methods have been developed to visualize hydrated coating microstructure, confocal microscopy and dispersible coating methods have been developed to quantify the activity of the entrapped cells, and FTIR methods are being developed to determine the structure of vitrified biomolecules within and surrounding the cells in dry coatings. Coating microstructure, stability and reactivity are investigated using small patch or strip coatings where bacteria are concentrated 10 2 -to 10 3 -fold in 5-75 µm thick layers with pores formed by carbohydrate porogens. The carbohydrate porogens also function as osmoprotectants and are postulated to preserve microbial viability by formation of glasses inside the microbes during coat drying; however, the molecular mechanism of cell preservation by latex coatings is not known. Emerging applications include coatings for multistep oxidations, photoreactive coatings, stabilization of hyperthermophiles, environmental biosensors, microbial fuel cells, as reaction zones in microfluidic devices, or as very high intensity (>100 g‚L -1 coating volume‚h -1 ) industrial or environmental biocatalysts. We anticipate expanded use of nanoporous adhesive coatings for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell preservation at ambient temperature and the design of highly reactive "living" paints and inks.

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Dry reagent chemistries in clinical analysis

Cited by 31 publications

References 6 publications

Quantitative Determination of Phenytoin and Phenobarbital in Capillary Blood by Ames Seralyzer

Quantitative Determination of Phenytoin and Phenobarbital in Capillary Blood by Ames Seralyzer

Polymer membrane-based ion-, gas- and bio-selective potentiometric sensors

Painting and Printing Living Bacteria: Engineering Nanoporous Biocatalytic Coatings to Preserve Microbial Viability and Intensify Reactivity

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