Dry matter production of oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i>) with special reference to the root system

Kjellström, C.; Kirchmann, Holger

doi:10.1017/s0021859600070325

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Maximum root growth was observed during the stem elongation phase, while maximum root dry matter (200 g m (2 ), length (mean02 km m (2 , but as large as 4.9 km m (2 ) and surface area (5 m 2 m (2 ) were found at the time of flowering (Kjellstrom 1991;Kjelstrom and Kirchmann 1994). The root:shoot ratios in winter B. napus tended to be lower (0.16 to 0.64) in a cool, wet season than during a warmer, drier year (up to 0.72) (Kjellstrom and Kirchmann 1994). In Australia, Richards and Thurling (1979) found a lower root:shoot ratio in drought-stressed B. rapa (0.199) than in drought-stressed B. napus (0.216).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Brassica napus and B. rapa are species with prominent tap roots and predictably the majority of root dry matter (80 to 85%) (Kjellstrom 1991;Kjellstrom and Kirchmann 1994) and root number distribution (41 to 78%) (Almond et al 1984) in domesticated winter B. napus in Sweden were in the top 20 cm of the soil profile. Maximum root growth was observed during the stem elongation phase, while maximum root dry matter (200 g m (2 ), length (mean02 km m (2 , but as large as 4.9 km m (2 ) and surface area (5 m 2 m (2 ) were found at the time of flowering (Kjellstrom 1991;Kjelstrom and Kirchmann 1994).…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

Gulden¹,

Warwick²,

Thomas³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2008. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa. Can. J. Plan Sci. 88: 951Á996. Brassica napus and B. rapa are native to Eurasia. In Canada, these species are commonly referred to as volunteer canola, while feral populations of B. rapa are referred to as birdrape. Brassica napus and B. rapa have been grown commercially for their seed oil content in western Canada since the middle of the last century and volunteer populations are common in fields. Escaped populations of both species are also found along roadways, railways and in waste areas; however, only B. rapa is known to have naturalized, self-sustaining feral populations in these habitats in eastern Canada. Despite these escaped and feral populations, B. napus and B. rapa are mainly a concern in agricultural fields where their combined relative abundance has increased over the past few decades. In the mid 1990s, herbicideresistant genotypes of B. napus were released for commercial production. Herbicide-resistance and the stacking of genes in volunteer populations conferring resistance to multiple herbicides have contributed to increased difficulties in controlling volunteer B. napus in some crops. However, yield loss resulting from volunteer populations is not well documented in Canada.Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, herbicide resistance, transgene escape, volunteer canola, weed biology Gulden, R. H., Warwick, S. I. et Thomas, A. G. 2008. La biologie des mauvaises herbes au Canada. 137. Brassica napus L. et B. rapa L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 951Á996. Brassica napus et B. rapa sont des plantes originaires d'Eurasie. Au Canada, on les de´signe souvent sous l'expression « canola spontane´», tandis que les peuplements sauvages de B. rapa sont appele´s « navette ». Dans l'Ouest canadien, Brassica napus et B. rapa sont cultive´s commercialement pour l'huile que renferment leurs graines depuis le milieu du sie`cle dernier et les repousses spontane´es sont devenues monnaie courante dans les champs. On observe des peuplements des deux espe`ces le long des routes et des voies ferre´es ainsi que dans les terrains vagues, cependant on sait que seule B. rapa s'est acclimate´e pour donner des populations sauvages et stables dans les meˆmes habitats, dans l'est du pays. Malgre´cela, B. napus et B. rapa demeurent surtout pre´occupants dans les cultures, oul eur abondance relative, une fois combine´s, s'est accrue au cours des dernie`res de´cennies. Au milieu des anne´e 1990, des ge´notypes de B. napus re´sistants aux herbicides ont e´te´homologue´s pour la culture commerciale. Cette re´sistance et l'accumulation des ge`nes qui la codent dans les peuplements spontane´s ont concouru a`compliquer la lutte contre les repousses de B. napus dans certaines cultures. Quoi qu'il en soit, les pertes de rendement qui en re´sultent sont mal e´taye´es au Canada.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

Gulden¹,

Warwick²,

Thomas³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…In the more arid years the roots were longer (1999 -10.8 cm, 2000 -16.8 Aboveground dry biomass significant (D min = 0.428102, α = 0.05). Kjellstöm and Kirchmann (1994) proved that the roots in more arid and warmer years are longer and thinner than in humid and cold years. The length of leaves was influenced by the morphoregulationary activity of growth regulators (Horizon 250 EW and Retacel Extra R68) and by the higher number of weak plants with shorten leaves (in the variant low input 14.4 cm).…”

Section: Indices Of Oilseed Rape Growth and Development In Autumnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autumn growth and development of different winter oilseed rape variety types at three input levels

Bečka¹,

Vasak²,

Kroutil³

et al. 2004

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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The autumn growth and development was studied in three types of winter oilseed rape varieties (line, hybrid and genetically modified hybrid) at three technologies (intensity, standard and low input). Technologies were different by soil preparation before sowing, sowing rate, chemical treatment levels, growth regulation and fertilisation. It is evident from the autumn period 1999–2002, that the yield of biomass and roots in the autumn period was influenced by the technology and year conditions (water soil condition). The occurrence of surface soil clods influenced negatively the creation of root and aboveground biomass irrespective of the soil cultivation (ploughing or cultivation without ploughing). Also the excessive soil moisture negatively influenced the root and aboveground biomass and increased the differences among variants. The low input variant was substantially worse than intensity and standard. The dry mass of aboveground and root biomass was statistically different (alfa = 0.05) in the intensive and standard variant in comparison with the variant without ploughing (low input). No statistically significant differences were found in the mass of aboveground and root biomass (alfa = 0.05). The percentage of dry mass in aboveground and root biomass was statistically significantly higher (alfa = 0.05) in intensity of growth regulator application tebuconazole (Horizon 250EW) + chlormequat-chloride (Retacel Extra R68) compared with standard and low input. The diameter of root neck, length of roots and number of leaves was statistically the highest (alfa = 0.05) in the intensive variant. Statistically the values differed from the standard and low input variants. Substantially lower differences were found in the varieties in the same characters. GM hybrid showed a lower heterosis effect and the studied characters did not reach the level of unmodified hybrid level.

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“…Nevertheless, cultivars with a deeper root system and higher root-length densities were able to deplete more nitrate-N from the subsoil (Wiesler and Horst, 1994). Root-length densities are usually low in the subsoil (Barraclough et al, 1991;Kjellström and Kirchmann, 1994) so that a small increase in root-length density may result in considerably enhanced nitrate-N uptake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Root‐growth characteristics contributing to genotypic variation in nitrogen efficiency of oilseed rape

Ulaş

Erley

Kamh

et al. 2012

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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A 3-year field experiment was carried out to determine the significance of root-growth characteristics contributing to N-uptake efficiency of two oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars differing in N efficiency. Two N treatments were applied, and the core and minirhizotron techniques were used to study root-length density and number of living roots, respectively. Fertilizer-N supply increased shoot dry matter, grain yield, total N uptake, and total soil N min contents particularly in the top soil. Although significant differences occurred in all parameters between years, the interactions between years and cultivars were mostly not significant. Compared to cv. Capitol, the N-efficient cv. Apex was characterized by a higher grain yield at N0 and a higher N uptake during reproductive growth. This genotype also had a higher root-length density and more living fine roots particularly in the topsoil layer. Root growth of this genotype was especially high from beginning of shooting to beginning of flowering, while shoot growth and N uptake during vegetative growth were comparatively low. Our results suggest that N-efficient cultivars can be characterized by a high investment in root growth during the vegetative stage with a comparatively slow shoot growth and N-uptake rate until beginning of flowering, which, however, continues during reproductive growth. High root production only during reproductive growth seems to be less effective to achieve high N efficiency, because this may lead to a shortage of assimilates for seed filling. High root-length density at vegetative stages may thus be advantageous for N uptake and reproductive growth and could be a useful morphological character for the selection and breeding of N-efficient cultivars.

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Dry matter production of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) with special reference to the root system

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

Autumn growth and development of different winter oilseed rape variety types at three input levels

Root‐growth characteristics contributing to genotypic variation in nitrogen efficiency of oilseed rape

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