Dry Matter Gains in Maize Kernels Are Dependent on Their Nitrogen Accumulation Rates and Duration during Grain Filling

Pico, Lía B. Olmedo; Vyn, Tony J.

doi:10.3390/plants10061222

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Higher N supply, regardless of application timing or plant density, increased grain-fill duration and, more inconsistently, effective grain-filling rate. Kernels accumulated dry matter and N for similar durations (Olmedo Pico and Vyn, 2021). Grain yield is clear by the product of grain number and kernel weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen Application Levels and Time

et al. 2022

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Productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) as affected by nitrogen application levels and timing were studied. The experimental design was a three-replication randomized complete block design (RCBD). The first factor was nitrogen levels (122, 240, 288 and 336 kg N/ha) and the second factor was nitrogen timing (50% of N at sowing and 50% of N before the first irrigation; T1, 50% of N at sowing and 50% of N before the second irrigation; T2 and 50% of N before the first irrigation and 50% of N before the second irrigation; T3). Results indicated that plant height, ear length, kernel weight, number of grains/rows, number of grains/ear and grain yields all increased significantly as nitrogen levels increased and the level of 336 kg N/ha significantly exhibiting the highest values in both seasons. In terms of nitrogen application time, maize yield parameters such as plant height, ear length, kernel weight/ear, number of grains/rows, number of grains/ear and grain yield were significantly affected by nitrogen timing, with the highest values obtained at T3 while the lowest values obtained at T1 in both seasons. The interaction had a significant impact on plant height and grain yield/ha, with the tallest plants, the highest yields and its components observed at 336 kg N/ha, with 50% of N applied during the first irrigation and 50% of N applied during the second. Furthermore, under the study conditions, NUE decreased dramatically as nitrogen levels increased and increased significantly as nitrogen application time changed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen Application Levels and Time

et al. 2022

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“…The grouting process is susceptible to environmental factors such as water content, soil nutrient status, environmental temperature, and nitrogen application rate [44,48]. The study of Lía B [49] and Gasura et al [50] showed that the grain-filling duration significantly correlated with the grain yield of maize; the grain yield increased dramatically with the grain-filling rate and grain-filling duration. In this study, the duration of the maize gradual increase period under traditional plastic film or degradable film mulching was the shortest under a nitrogen application rate of 320 kg•ha −1 , followed by no nitrogen application.…”

Section: Effects Of Plastic-film Mulching and Nitrogen Application On...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Spring Maize Grain Filling under Film Mulching and Nitrogen Application in a Cold and Arid Environment

Chen,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Water

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The grain-filling process is a key stage in ensuring a high yield of maize. Nitrogen is one of the nutrient elements most essential for maize, especially in cold and arid areas. To evaluate the effects of plastic-film mulching and nitrogen application on the maize grain-filling process, the impact of different plastic-film mulching (degradable plastic film, J; common plastic-film mulching, P) and nitrogen fertilizer levels (0 kg·ha−1, N0; 160 kg·ha−1, N1; 320 kg·ha−1, N2; 480 kg·ha−1, N3) on maize grain-filling characteristic parameters and final 100-kernel weight were tested in 2021 and 2022. The results showed that the interaction between film mulching and nitrogen application significantly (p < 0.05) affected the filling characteristic parameters and final 100-kernel weight of maize. The final 100-kernel weight was highest at the N2 nitrogen application level, which was 7.69–38.13% higher under degradable plastic-film mulching and 3.17–38.06% higher under common plastic-film mulching than at other levels. The nitrogen application level significantly (p < 0.05) increased grain-filling duration and rate. The duration time in reaching the maximum grain-filling rate under the N2 nitrogen application level was around 1.1967–5.7835 d under degradable plastic-film mulching and 2.8688–8.1704 d under the common plastic-film mulching, with the maximum and average grain-filling rate increased by 0.0595–0.2063 g·d−1 and 0.0447–0.1423 g·d−1 under degradable film mulching and 0.1418–0.3058 g·d−1 and 0.1082–0.2125 g·d−1 under common film mulching, respectively. The nitrogen application levels of N2 and N3 under two plastic-film mulching methods prolonged the duration of the rapid and slow increase period of grain filling and increased the grain-filling rate and the average rate. The average grain-filling rate at the N2 level increased by 0.0469–0.1759 g·d−1 and 0.0090–0.0454 g·d−1 under degradable film mulching and 0.1113–0.2581 g·d−1 and 0.0203–0.0648 g·d−1 under common film mulching, respectively. Therefore, common plastic film mainly prolonged the duration of the gradual increase period of grain filling and increased the grain-filling rate; meanwhile, the effect of degraded plastic film on the grain-filling rate increase and prolonging of the grain-filling duration was gradually highlighted during the rapid and the slow period of increase. In addition, the 320 kg·ha−1 of nitrogen application level under both common plastic-film mulching and degradable-film mulching was more conducive to prolonging the grain-filling duration of maize, which increased the grain-filling rate and 100-kernel weight, laying a foundation for a high yield of maize.

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“…Water is the main limiting factor for maize production, and maize responds differently to water stress at different growth stages (Gheysari et al., 2021; Rasool et al., 2020). Moreover, the N accumulation rate and grain‐filling duration were considered as the factors affecting the proliferation of maize grain and dry matter (DM) (Olmedo Pico & Vyn, 2021). Guangxi is located in the subtropical zone with a typical monsoon climatic condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effect of water and nitrogen fertilization improve chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of maize

et al. 2022

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Water scarcity and excessive N fertilization have a negative effect on maize (Zea mays L.) production. Low water and N fertilization are the major problem in sustainable agriculture by limiting crop growth and development. However, the combined effect of N fertilization and supplementary irrigation on chlorophyll fluorescence and maize yield is still not understood. The objective of the study was to signify the effect of supplementary irrigation and N fertilization on leaf area index (LAI), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), maximum photosynthetic capacity (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and yield. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design, with water management in main plot and N fertilization in subplot with three replications. Treatments included two water managements, that is, rainfed (natural rainfall) and irrigation water (70% field capacity). Five N fertilization rates were N0 (0 kg N ha −1 ), N150 (150 kg N ha −1 ), N200 (200 kg N ha −1 ), N250 (250 kg ha −1 ), and N300 (300 kg N ha −1 ). The LAI, SPAD, Fv/Fm, qP, and yield were significantly affected by water management, N rates, and their interaction (P < .05). The LAI, SPAD, Fv/Fm, qP, total dry matter accumulation, and yield under supplementary irrigation were significantly increased by 10. 99, 5.75, 6.57, 9.14, 15.64, and 14.58% than those under rainfed conditions, but the nonphotochemical quenching coefficient was significantly decreased by 22.82%. The 250 kg N ha −1 increased grain yield under irrigated conditions than that of other N treatments. The interaction between water management and N fertilization significantly and positively affected the SPAD, Fv/Fm, and grain yield in both years, but had no significant effect on LAI during 2021 and HI during 2020 and 2021. We concluded that N250 treatment with supplementary irrigation increased grain yield.

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Dry Matter Gains in Maize Kernels Are Dependent on Their Nitrogen Accumulation Rates and Duration during Grain Filling

Cited by 15 publications

References 61 publications

Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen Application Levels and Time

Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen Application Levels and Time

Modeling Spring Maize Grain Filling under Film Mulching and Nitrogen Application in a Cold and Arid Environment

Interactive effect of water and nitrogen fertilization improve chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of maize

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