Dry matter, Free Sugar and Starch Changes in Tuber Regions of White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.), and the Effect of Storage Environment

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the changes in dry matter (DM), free sugar (FS) and starch contents in the three yam (D. rotundata) tuber regions under two storage environmental conditions (natural light- yam barn, or and darkness). Three varieties of D. rotundata (alaako, Dodoro and Odo) were studied. The dry matter content of the Head region was the highest (28.6%), followed by the Middle (26.9%) and Tail (22.3%) regions. Change in dry matter content of the tuber is mainly due to rapid changes in the dry matter content of the Tail region over time. Storage environment significantly (P< 0.05) affected dry matter content of the three tuber regions at 8 and 16 weeks in storage (WIS). Head regions per variety were lower in dry matter when stored under Light than in the Dark at 8 WIS, while the reverse was the case for the Tail. This may relate to the release of endodormancy. By 16 WIS, when tubers stored under Light had well developed sprouts and those stored in the Dark only showed the first sign of sprouting, all Head regions had higher dry matter content under Light than in Dark storage. This may be due to the presence of sprouts. Storage environment did not significantly affect starch content at the various tuber regions. Head regions had higher percentage free sugar content under Light than Dark storage, and these effects were manifested between 8 and 16 WIS.

Comparative Metabolomics Profiling Reveals Key Metabolites and Associated Pathways Regulating Tuber Dormancy in White Yam (<em>Dioscorea rotundata</em>)

“…Tuber dormancy is the major cause of ware and seed tubers' inability to sprout for prolonged period, during which tubers remain dormant; incapable of developing an internal or external shoot buds/sprout for about 150 to 210 days depending on; species, genotype, growing and storage environmental conditions [10][11][12]. Thus, making it impossible to have more than one crop cycle per year, and thereby limiting yam crop productivity, tuber availability for industrial use, and slowing down the rate of genetic improvement [13]. Dormancy induction and release is associated with numerous physiological and biochemical processes that are regulated by gene expression, protein synthesis, hormonal signaling and energy metabolism [14].…”