Dry matter and water dynamics of wheat grains in response to source reduction at different phases of grain filling

Harcha, C.; Calderini, Daniel F.

doi:10.4067/s0718-58392014000400002

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(69 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In case of percent reduction highest spike weight reduction was observed in case of removal of all leaves followed by removal of flag leaf, then followed (Sandana et al, 2009). Source reductions were similar to those carried out in earlier valuations of wheat where the calculated assimilate availability per grain was decreased by up to 70% (Borrás et al, 2003, Sala et al, 2007, Felekari et al, 2014, Harcha and Calderini, 2014. Removal of flag leaf decrease number of grains spike, thousand grain weight and spike weight (Bijanzadeh andEmam, 2010, Abdoli et al, 2013).…”

Section: Spike Weightsupporting

confidence: 77%

Influence of source limitation on yield and yield components of wheat

2019

Int. J. Biosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To study the response of wheat spike growth, final grains weight and seed traits to increase assimilate availability by modifying source-sink relationships during the grain growth period in a wheat cultivar "Pirsabak-2013". A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of source limitation on yield and yield component of wheat at Amir Muhammad Khan Campus, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, during winter season, 2015.At anthesis stage eight source reduction treatments (normal plant (N) as control, removal of 2 nd + 3 rd leaf, removal of 2 nd + 3 rd + 4 th leaf, removal of 2 nd +4 th +5 th leaf, removal of 4 th + 5 th + 6 th leaf, removal of 4 th + 5 th leaf, removal of flag leaf (FLR), removal of all leaves (ALR) were applied. The results indicated that all source limitations significantly affected all observed parameters. Shortest spike (8.9 cm), lowest spike weight (1.4 g), grain spike -1 (32.6 d), thousand grain weight (21.2 g), grain yield (1569 kg ha -1 ) and biological yield (4588 kg ha -1 ), seed length (5.4 mm), seed width (2.3 mm), seed thickness (2.2 mm) and lower sphericity (0.55) was recorded in case of all leaves removal followed by flag leaf removal, highest percent deduction was also observed for most of the above parameters in these treatments, while removal 2 nd +3 rd leaves increased most of the observed parameters followed by or statistically similar with normal. From the results it was concluded that flag leaf is the most important photosynthetic organ during grain filling stage and wheat verity "Pirsabak-2013" is source limited during grain filling, further genetic improvement is needed to increase photosynthetic efficiency of this verity under agro-climate condition of central region of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

show abstract

Section: Spike Weightsupporting

confidence: 77%

Influence of source limitation on yield and yield components of wheat

2019

Int. J. Biosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…f IR G at the start of grain filling was lowest under Nex in 2015 and SRG was lowest under Nex and e[CO 2 ] with 2.5 mg. Additionally, the daily photothermal quotient representing the weather effect on the source in relation to sink activity was extremely low over the 2 days just after anthesis in 2015 (Figure 1). However, at early grain filling, the maximum grain volume that determines final grain weight is set, and thus assimilate shortage at early grain filling has a higher impact on TGW compared with later stages (Borrás et al, 2004; Harcha & Calderini, 2014). Consequently, assimilate shortage just after anthesis might explain why e[CO2] increased TGW less under Nex (from 37.9 g to 39.1 g) than under Nad (from 43.2 g to 45.0 g) and the very low TGW under Nex in 2015 (38.5 g averaged over both CO 2 treatments) than in 2014 (44.3 g) (Dier et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of N and CO₂ supply on source size per grain at anthesis and its relationship with grain growth in wheat

Manderscheid

Dier

2022

J Agronomy Crop Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration ([eCO 2 ]) increases the yield of wheat mainly by increasing grain number, but effects on single grain weight are variable. It is discussed whether single grain growth is limited by the sink or the source size under a non-stress environment. This study explores the effect of e[CO 2 ] combined with varying N supply on the source and sink size during grain filling. Source size was defined as the amount of stem reserves per grain (SRG) and the proportion of incident radiation intercepted by the green canopy per grain (f IR G) at anthesis. Data from a 2-year free-air CO 2 enrichment experiment with wheat with three N levels (on average 38 [Nd], 190 [Nad] and 320 kg N ha −1 [Nex]) and two CO 2 levels (393 and 600 ppm) on SRG, f IR G and grain filling rate (GFR) and duration (GFD) were evaluated. SRG ranged from 2.5 to 12.9 mg and f IR G from 4.0 × 0.001% to 6.8 x 0.001%. Rising N supply or e[CO 2 ] decreased SRG and f IR G via their increases in grain number. Accordingly, there was a negative linear relationship between grain number and SRG (r 2 ≥ 0.84) or f IR G (r 2 ≥ 0.97). Increasing N supply decreased GFR, but increased GFD, and GFR was increased by e[CO 2 ] under Nad and Nex. For GFR and final grain weight, there was a strong positive (r 2 ≥ 0.85), and for GFD, a strong negative linear relationship (r 2 ≥ 0.76) with f IR G under Nad and Nex. Under these N levels, f IR G supplied the largest share (>86%) for grain growth and thus single grain growth was possibly source limited under Nad and Nex. Under high grain number such as under Nex and e[CO 2 ], there might be a risk for low final grain weight due to the low SRG that is insufficient for buffering assimilate shortage under unfavourable environmental conditions in early grain filling.

show abstract

“…Possible improvements in the amount of biomass for winter wheat could be made using the dry weight of the plant material. Especially during the ripening phase, the water content of winter wheat decreases [19], resulting in a mismatch between the 3DPI algorithm and the measured fresh weight biomass. The 3DPI method is developed on plant structure and does not account for the changing water content within the winter wheat.…”

Section: Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass and Crop Height Estimation of Different Crops Using UAV-Based Lidar

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phenotyping of crops is important due to increasing pressure on food production. Therefore, an accurate estimation of biomass during the growing season can be important to optimize the yield. The potential of data acquisition by UAV-LiDAR to estimate fresh biomass and crop height was investigated for three different crops (potato, sugar beet, and winter wheat) grown in Wageningen (The Netherlands) from June to August 2018. Biomass was estimated using the 3DPI algorithm, while crop height was estimated using the mean height of a variable number of highest points for each m 2 . The 3DPI algorithm proved to estimate biomass well for sugar beet (R 2 = 0.68, RMSE = 17.47 g/m 2 ) and winter wheat (R 2 = 0.82, RMSE = 13.94 g/m 2 ). Also, the height estimates worked well for sugar beet (R 2 = 0.70, RMSE = 7.4 cm) and wheat (R 2 = 0.78, RMSE = 3.4 cm). However, for potato both plant height (R 2 = 0.50, RMSE = 12 cm) and biomass estimation (R 2 = 0.24, RMSE = 22.09 g/m 2 ), it proved to be less reliable due to the complex canopy structure and the ridges on which potatoes are grown. In general, for accurate biomass and crop height estimates using those algorithms, the flight conditions (altitude, speed, location of flight lines) should be comparable to the settings for which the models are calibrated since changing conditions do influence the estimated biomass and crop height strongly. good correlation with in situ field measurements of plant height. Sun et al. [4] published an R 2 of 0.98 for cotton plants, [2] published an R 2 of 0.99 for wheat, and [7] showed an R 2 of 0.90 for wheat. These studies show the capability of LiDAR to measure basic phenotypes such as plant height. However, LiDAR systems mounted on tractors can be unsuitable for labour-intensive crops such as rice or in orchards [8], for example, due to compaction of the soil [9]. A UAV equipped with a LiDAR system can overcome those limitations.Earlier research on the relation between plant height and biomass was based on varying approaches for plant height measurements. Madec et al. [7] found an R 2 of 0.88 for the correlation between plant height and field-measured biomass, using a tractor based LiDAR system. Bendig et al.[10] used a structure from a motion (SfM) technique on UAV acquired imagery to derive plant height and found an R 2 of 0.81 between field-measured height and SfM derived height.In the last few years, LiDAR systems have been miniaturized, resulting in lower weights and reduced dimensions, and as a result, can be operated from UAVs. This development opens the way towards high throughput derived, more complex products like biomass and yield, thus, improving the speed and frequency at which these plant traits can be acquired in the field in an undisturbed way.LiDAR-based biomass estimates of agricultural crops can be derived in different ways. Based on the Lambert-Beer LAI model of [11], the authors of [2] developed a biomass prediction model called the 3-Dimensional Profile Index (3DPI). Where the LIDAR 3D point cloud is divided into layers...

show abstract

Dry matter and water dynamics of wheat grains in response to source reduction at different phases of grain filling

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Influence of source limitation on yield and yield components of wheat

Influence of source limitation on yield and yield components of wheat

Effect of N and CO₂ supply on source size per grain at anthesis and its relationship with grain growth in wheat

Biomass and Crop Height Estimation of Different Crops Using UAV-Based Lidar

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Dry matter and water dynamics of wheat grains in response to source reduction at different phases of grain filling

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Influence of source limitation on yield and yield components of wheat

Influence of source limitation on yield and yield components of wheat

Effect of N and CO2 supply on source size per grain at anthesis and its relationship with grain growth in wheat

Biomass and Crop Height Estimation of Different Crops Using UAV-Based Lidar

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effect of N and CO₂ supply on source size per grain at anthesis and its relationship with grain growth in wheat